Annotated Bibliograpy of Peace Operations Literature

Taibbi, Robert. "Handling violence." Current Health 2 v. 20 (Feb. '94) p. 19-21

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: School violence.Conflict resolution.

ABSTRACT: Violent crime continues to increase every year, so it is important to learn how to handle a potentially dangerous situation. The United States ranks number one in the world in homicides. The number-one cause of death among African-American males is murder, and approximately 135,000 children take guns to school every day. Physical fights in classrooms and halls are everyday occurrences. The starting point for handling violence is learning how to handle your emotions and those of the people around you. Suggestions for coping with feelings and reacting to a potentially violent situation are provided.

Taki. "A real behind." Spectator Jul 22, 1995, v275n8715, p. 38

ABSTRACT: Taki muses on the circus of the UK Parliament, especially in regards to the fighting in Bosnia. Political leaders seem unable to resolve anything even remotely dealing with the conflict.

Talbott, Strobe. "And Now for Some Good News." Time Aug 31, 1992, v140n9, p. 51

ABSTRACT: In what appears to be a breakthrough, the UN may be able to sponsor the creation of a bizonal and bicommunal state for the Greek and Turkish factions of Cyprus. The history of relations between Greece and Turkey, and subsequently Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, is discussed.

Talbott, Strobe. "he case for the United States in the United Nations." US Department of State Dispatch Sep 11, 1995, v6n37, p. 681-684

ABSTRACT: The Clinton Administration's policy concerning US involvement with the UN is outlined. If the US fails to provide global leadership, there is no other country capable of maintaining world peace and international cooperation.

Talbott, Strobe. "The case for the U.S. in the UN." US Department of State Dispatch Oct 16, 1995, v6n42, p. 737-740

ABSTRACT: There are some people in the US who are flirting with the idea of isolationism. American leadership and connection with other nations is necessary for peace and for the reform of the UN.

Talbott, Strobe. "How Israel is like Iraq." Time v. 136 (Oct. 29 '90) p. 50

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.

ABSTRACT: Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein says that he and the leaders of Israel are involved in similar altercations with the United Nations over real estate, a comparison that is not totally lacking in validity. Israel's occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip 23 years ago began quite differently from Iraq's annexation of Kuwait, with Jordan forfeiting the West Bank after attacking Israel. While the West Bank was held for justifiable reasons at first, eventually an additional motive became predominant: that Israel should keep the territory because it was ruled by Israelites in biblical times. Thus, both Israel and Iraq have made land claims rooted in history. Yitzhak Shamir's talk of "Greater Israel" presents as great a threat to peace in the region as Hussein's argument that Kuwait and Iraq should be rejoined because they were once part of the same province under the control of the Ottoman Turks.

Talbott, Strobe. "Credit where credit is due." Time v. 133 (Jan. 23 '89) p. 33

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Peace.United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: The superpowers are bickering over who deserves more credit for the global boom in peacemaking, which is evident in such developments as the withdrawal of Soviet soldiers from Afghanistan and the cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq War. U.S. foreign policy officials believe that the diplomatic advances are proof of the success of the Reagan doctrine, under which the United States sent arms to anti-Marxist "freedom fighters" around the world. U.S. officials acknowledge that the Soviet Union has become more willing to embrace political, rather than military, solutions but attribute this change to firmness on the American side. The Soviets may not be willing to concede that any American doctrines have been successful, but they tacitly acknowledge the failure of many Communist doctrines.

Tamiya, Akihiro. "Recognizing economic clout." World Press Review v. 39 (Oct. '92) p. 13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Group of Seven.United Nations.--Security Council.United Nations--Japan.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on the United Nations' peace-keeping role in the world. An article excerpted from the Nikkei Weekly of Tokyo. Some key government officials in Tokyo are considering the idea of creating a single forum made up of the countries of the Group of Seven leading industrialized nations and the UN Security Council. According to Japanese officials, the Security Council as it stands now will be unable to maintain its role as a global political directorate. A combined forum could give Japan, Germany, Canada, and Italy a greater voice in international decision-making.

Tangley, Laura.; Miller, Julie Ann. "Apes kiss and make up." BioScience v. 38 (May '88) p. 321

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Primates.Animals--Habits and behavior.

ABSTRACT: Frans B. M. de Waal of the University of Wisconsin in Madison reports that at least four primate species exhibit peacemaking behavior in captivity. De Waal has found that the probability of friendly bodily contact increases following aggressive incidents between primates. After a fight, the individuals may seek each other out, kiss, embrace, and engage in other friendly or sexual behaviors. Reconciliation behavior was seen most often in common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees. Stump-tail monkeys ranked next, and rhesus monkeys last. De Waal notes that his finding of peacemaking behaviors has been confirmed by observations of primates in the wild.

Tarnoff, Peter. "U.S. policy on Bosnia and assistance to UNPROFOR." US Department of State Dispatch Jun 26, 1995, v6n26, p. 531-532

ABSTRACT: Three main issues related to US foreign policy in the Bosnian civil war are addressed. The US will continue pushing for a political settlement to the war and will continue to support UNPROFOR's mission in the Balkans.

Tarutin, Igor. "Africa : Angola." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Apr 14, 1993, v45n11, p. 18

ABSTRACT: The criticism of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) by the UN Security Council is discussed. A UN resolution demanded that the movement declare a cease fire and resume peace negotiations.

Tasker, Rodney. "Another voice." Far Eastern Economic Review Feb 25, 1993, v156n8, p. 25-26

ABSTRACT: A Thailand diplomatic initiative proposes direct ASEAN-UN talks to forge closer links between the UN and ASEAN to maintain peace and prosperity in Southeast Asia in the wake of the Cold War. The proposal is discussed.

Tasker, Rodney. "What Killing Fields?" Far Eastern Economic Review Sep 12, 1991, v153n37, p. 15

ABSTRACT: As progress is made towards UN supervised elections in Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge seems to be the big winner. The main benefits that the Khmer Rouge will gain from the peace plan are discussed.

Tasker, Rodney.; Hiebert, Murray. "Back to the Unknown." Far Eastern Economic Review Nov 7, 1991, v154n45, p. 27-30

ABSTRACT: Thirteen years of civil war ended for Cambodia with the stroke of a pen but now the financial and administrative headaches begin. The Cambodian peace settlement and the UN task of bridging the transition to a general election are discussed.

Tate, C Neal.; Haynie, Stacia L. "Authoritarianism and the functions of courts : A time series analysis of the Philippine Supreme Court, 1961-1987." Law & Society Review 1993, v27n4, p. 707-740

ABSTRACT: The impact of the establishment and breakdown of authoritarianism on the independent and powerful pre-martial law Philippine Supreme Court's performance of the functions of conflict resolution, social control and administration was investigated.

Taylor, Alastair MacDonald.Peacekeeping: international challenge and Canadian response. Canadian Institute of International Affairs, c1968.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces.

CONTENTS:Peacekeeping: the international CONTENT, by A. Taylor.--Peacekeeping: the Canadian experience.--Issues and opinions: a report on the Queen's/CIIA conference on peacekeeping February 24-26, 1967, by D. Cox.--Canada: a peacekeeper; a survey of Canada's participation in peacekeeping operations, by J. L. Granatstein.--Bibliography (205-211)

Taylor, Greg W. "The army on a mercy mission." Maclean's v. 104 (Apr. 29 '91) p. 24

KEY WORDS: Canada--Armed Forces--Forces in the Persian Gulf region.

ABSTRACT: Canadian forces have returned to the Persian Gulf on two very different missions. Approximately 300 Canadians will join the UN peacekeeping mission along the Iraq-Kuwait border. The main task of this group will be to clear away mines and unexploded shells in order to create a safe patrol route through the demilitarized zone. Another contingent of about 63 Canadians will offer medical help to the Kurdish refugees living along Iraq's northern borders with Turkey and Iran. External Relations Minister Monique Landry has promised $6.5 million in additional aid to Iran and $2 million to Turkey to help the two countries cope with the refugee situation.

Taylor, Kathryn. "Community boards: humanistic conflict resolution at the neighborhood level." The Humanist v. 45 (Jan./Feb. '85) p. 18-19+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Humanism.Arbitration and award.

ABSTRACT: The Community Boards program, first established in California by attorney and law professor Raymond Shonholtz, provides a humanistic procedure for settling family and neighborhood conflict, thus lightening the burden on the courts. Trained volunteers from a community serve as impartial third parties in disputes. They need only be humanitarian, self-disciplined, and sensible. Volunteers work as outreach workers, case developers, panelists in teams of conciliators, and follow-up workers. Community Boards help boost participants' pride and independence by teaching them to make use of their own strengths. The writer describes her first assignment as a case developer.

Tedesco, Theresa. "The deliverymen." Maclean's v. 101 (Aug. 29 '88) p. 17

KEY WORDS: Canada.--Air Transport Group.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on Canada's participation in the UN peacekeeping mission in Iran and Iraq. Under the leadership of Capt. Ghislain Godbout, the Canadian Air Transport Group's Air Movements Unit loaded and shipped all of the military equipment and personal paraphernalia that will be required by the Canadian troops sent to monitor peace in the Persian Gulf region. Such a supply mission is a familiar task for the unit, which transports more than 250,000 passengers and some 10,000 tons of freight per year for the military. Instead of using its own Hercules C-130 aircraft for the task, the unit employed a 24-plane fleet of U.S. Galaxy C-5s, each of which can carry six times as much weight as a Hercules. Ten of the Canadian craft are being employed to move supplies from Turkey to Iran, which has prohibited U.S. access to its air space.

Terzani, Tiziano. "An indecent peace." Far Eastern Economic Review Jun 25, 1992, v155n25, p. 21

ABSTRACT: The UN peace plan for Cambodia is discussed. At each step of the peace plan, the Khmer Rouge is raising obstacles.

Terzani, Tiziano. "Cambodia's 'Indecent' Peace." World Press Review Sep 1992, v39n9, p. 56

ABSTRACT: The UN peace plan for Cambodia is characterized as indecent because the Khmer Rouge is afforded the protection of the UN. Morally, a fight against the Khmer Rouge would be justified.

Thakur, Ramesh. "Human rights : Amnesty International and the United Nations." Journal of Peace Research May 1994, v31n2, p. 143-160

ABSTRACT: A comparison of the UN and Amnesty International was conducted to analyze the complementarity of intergovernmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations in the issue area of human rights concerning norm-generation, monitoring and enforcement.

Thakur, Ramesh. "From peacekeeping to peace enforcement : The UN operation in Somalia." Journal of Modern African Studies Sep 1994, v32n3, p. 387-410

ABSTRACT: The recent peacekeeping mission in Somalia highlights the need for and the risk of cooperative coexistence between the US and the UN. Traditional peacekeeping may lack coercive or protective power, but it is also low-risk. Other approaches may stretch the conceptual fabric of peacekeeping beyond the breaking point.

Thakur, Ramesh and Carlyle A. Thayer. A crisis of expectations : UN peacekeeping in the 1990s. Boulder : Westview Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces. International police. Peace.

CONTENTS: UN peacekeeping in the new world disorder / Ramesh Thakur -- Peacekeeping in the Middle East / Ramesh Thakur -- The UN force in Cyprus / Alan James -- The UN protection force in former Yugoslavia / Susan R. Lamb -- The UN operation in Somalia / Robert G. Patman -- UN peacekeeping in Africa / Samuel M. Makinda -- The UN transitional authority in Cambodia / Carlyle A. Thayer -- UN peacekeeping in Central America / Larman C. Wilson and Raul Gonzalez Diaz -- UN peacekeeping: a participant's point of view / Gerald Hensley -- Reforming the UN's organisational capacity for peacekeeping / Mats R. Berdal -- Peacekeeping operations: problems of command and control / Andrei Raevsky -- Regional organisations and UN peacekeeping / Amitav Acharya -- Peacekeeping in civil wars / Paul F. Diehl -- Peacekeeping and peacemaking / William Maley -- Peacekeeping or peace-enforcement? / Kenneth Christie -- Peacekeeping, peace-enforcement and national sovereignty / Alan James -- Reconciling national and international interests in UN peacekeeping / Robert C. Johansen.

Thakur, Ramesh and Carlyle A. Thayer. A crisis of expectations : UN peacekeeping in the 1990s. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces. International police.Peace.

Thakur, Ramesh. "From peacekeeping to peace enforcement : The UN operation in Somalia." Journal of Modern African Studies Sep 1994, v32n3, p. 387-410

Tharoor, Shashi. "Should UN peacekeeping go 'back to basics'?" Survival Winter 1995, v37n4, p. 52-64

ABSTRACT: With so many current conflicts unsuited to traditional treatment, it is probably impossible for UN peacekeeping to go "back to basics." The challenge is to develop the conceptual clarity, political support and material resources to enable UN peacekeeping to play the part the Security Council demands.

Tharoor, Shashi. "United Nations peacekeeping in Europe." Survival Summer 1995, v37n2, p. 121-134

ABSTRACT: In early 1995, the UN unexpectedly finds itself deploying more peacekeepers and spending more money on peacekeeping in Europe than in all other continents combined. The unprecedented challenges posed by new peacekeeping tasks are discussed.

Thayer, Nate.; Chanda, Nayan. "Shattered peace." Far Eastern Economic Review Feb 11, 1993, v156n6, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: Cambodia's offensive against Khmer Rouge positions is more politically than militarily motivated. As support for the UN's mission wavers, the organization's role as an honest broker is being undermined.

Thayer, Nate.; Awanohara, Susumu. "Unsettled land." Far Eastern Economic Review Feb 27, 1992, v155n8, p. 22-26

ABSTRACT: The UN has delayed dispatching forces charged to implement key aspects of a peace plan to Cambodia. The delay has created a power vacuum that rival political factions are trying to fill.

Thayer, Nate. "Not so secret agenda." Far Eastern Economic Review Nov 12, 1992, v155n45, p. 12-13

ABSTRACT: The UN recently set a negotiations deadline of Nov 15, 1992 for the Marxist Khmer Rouge guerrillas. The Khmer Rouge responded that threatened UN sanctions will be tantamount to a return to war.

Thayer, Nate. "Things fall apart." Far Eastern Economic Review Sep 17, 1992, v155n37, p. 18

ABSTRACT: The UN peace plan for Cambodia is on the verge of collapse. Unless the Khmer Rouge can be persuaded to disarm and open their areas to inspection, the UN will be left with the option of either admitting its peace plan has failed or attempt a partial implementation without the Khmer Rouge.

Thayer, Nate. "The war party." Far Eastern Economic Review Jun 25, 1992, v155n25, p. 12

ABSTRACT: The fragile UN peace plan that has been established for Cambodia is being threatened by the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge's claims that the peace plan has been violated are discussed.

Thayer, Nate. "Cambodia : Fighting words." Far Eastern Economic Review Aug 20, 1992, v155n33, p. 8-9

ABSTRACT: Cambodia's Khmer Rouge and its leader, Khieu Samphan, have stiffened their position in response to UN presssure to disarm. The Khmer Rouge insists that the Vietnamese-installed Hun Sen regime should be dissolved.

Thion, Serge. "The Khmer Rouge roars again." World Press Review May 1993, v40n5, p. 17

ABSTRACT: The UN's goal of restoring peace and order in Cambodia has been thwarted by the Khmer Rouge, which has expanded its influence and control. The UN must take drastic action against the group if peace is ever to be attained.

Thion, Serge. "The Khmer Rouge roars again." World Press Review May 1993, v40n5, p. 17

Thion, Serge. "The Khmer Rouge roars again." World Press Review v. 40 (May '93) p. 17

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Khmer Rouge.United Nations--Cambodia.Cambodia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: An article excerpted from the Far Eastern Economic Review of Hong Kong. Peace and order are fading further from sight in Cambodia as the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia stumbles in its implementation of the Paris peace accords, and the Khmer Rouge refuses to cooperate with parts of the plan. Thousands of Cambodian refugees have returned home as a result of the peace process, and the inhumane border camps where many of them lived will soon be closed. However, the country's economy is bankrupt, the Phnom Penh government is crippled, and the Khmer Rouge has expanded its power. The UN must rethink its role in Cambodia, bearing in mind the xenophobic feelings that many Cambodians have toward the Vietnamese minority and the impossibility of including the Khmer Rouge in an overall settlement. The international community should strengthen the new Cambodian government's military capacity so that it can deal more effectively with the Khmer Rouge.

Thomas, Evan.; Barry, John. "Shipping out." Newsweek Dec 4, 1995, v126n23, p. 28-32

ABSTRACT: The Bosnian peace agreement is a triumph of American power. To make it work, however, Pres Clinton must build a majority, reluctant though it may be, in favor of sending US troops to the region.

Thomas, Evan. "Now, Clinton's choice." Newsweek Oct 2, 1995, v126n14, p. 47-48

ABSTRACT: The warring parties in the Bosnia struggle are visiting the UN headquarters in New York City to negotiate a peace agreement. The US must be prepared for the price of peace--15,000-25,000 US peacekeeping troops in Bosnia.

Thomas, Evan. "Playing globocop." Newsweek 121(June 28 '93) p. 20-4

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- .United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.United States--Foreign relations.

ABSTRACT: The U.S. is slipping into an undefined role as the global policeman. President Clinton has been unable to explain his criteria for U.S. intervention abroad, and the vast diplomatic and military bureaucracy over which he presides has only begun to think through the practical problems of multinational peacekeeping. As a result, Clinton has wavered between declarations of resolve and political prudence. He poses as an internationalist who believes that the U.S. must remain a global leader, but he is very reluctant to use American force to back up his words. The article discusses the U.S. role in UN peacekeeping missions in Somalia and Bosnia.

Thomas, Evan. "Here we go again." Newsweek Sep 26, 1994, v124n13, p. 20-24

ABSTRACT: An overview of the Haitian crisis as US troops head for occupation of Haiti is presented. The roles of Jimmy Carter, Colin Powell and Sam Nunn in arranging for the departure of General Raoul Cedras are discussed. The US invasion force and battle plan are described.

Thomas, Trisha. "Into the Unknown : Can the United Nations Bring Peace to Cambodia?" Journal of International Affairs Winter 1991, v44n2, p. 495-515

ABSTRACT: The UN peace plan to end the 15-year Cambodian civil war includes the presence of thousands of its own administrators and peacekeeping troops who would monitor the restoration of peace through free and fair general elections. The UN peace plan is detailed.

Thompson, Brad Lee. "Negotiation training: win-win or what?." Training (Minneapolis, Minn.) v. 28 (June '91) p. 31-5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Participative management.Negotiation.Employee training--Aims and objectives.

ABSTRACT: Unless empowered employees learn new ways of working with each other, they will be ill-prepared to participate in the discussions and decisions that constitute day-to-day business operations. Technical skills are not enough to achieve the breakthrough increases in quality and productivity that work teams promise. The personal negotiation skills needed for teamwork can be taught through programs that combine fundamental soft-skill courses--like interpersonal communication, listening, and feedback--with courses involving influencing, facilitation, conflict resolution, and problem solving. Participants can learn how to recognize when issues need to be discussed and conflicting interests need to be clarified, and they can learn how to use some basic strategies and tactics to avoid win-lose outcomes and unsound agreements. The experiences of several companies that have instituted such programs are discussed.

Thompson, E. P. (Edward Palmer) "It's time for the twain to meet." The Nation v. 241 (Sept. 14 '85) p. 206-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: European Nuclear Disarmament (Organization)Disarmament.Civil rights--International aspects.

ABSTRACT: The Western peace movement has been "sleepwalking" into a complex situation. President Reagan's "zero option" proposal was aimed at the movement rather than at the Soviets. While it was essential that such a proposal be ridiculed, peace activists were manipulated into appearing to support Soviet nuclear weapons in Europe but not American nuclear weapons. The necessity of a nonaligned peace movement, demanding cutbacks in the nuclear weapons on both sides, has been construed by some as a debate between pro-Soviet peace and pro-American freedom, but it is that perception of blocs that interferes with effective peacemaking. It is not the place of Western activists to address human rights violations in the Eastern bloc. The citizens of those countries are doing so already. Wider communication is an element of peace; as the Cold War blocs begin to dissolve, so will the obstacles to free communication and democracy.

Thompson, J L P. "Deprivation and political violence in Northern Ireland, 1922-1985." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1989, v33n4, p. 676-699

ABSTRACT: Deprivation theory is tested with multivariate time-series regression models, with controls for force levels and industrial production. Although Northern Ireland suffers from high unemployment, increases in fatal violence are not related to rises in unemployment.

Thompson, Mark. "The peacekeeping paradox." Time Dec 11, 1995, v146n24, p. 54-55

ABSTRACT: The question of whether the US can maintain its neutrality and avoid provoking the Serbs if it arms and trains the Muslims in Bosnia is examined. The most dangerous risk for the 20,000 US troops will be that the Bosnian Serbs will consider them an enemy and act accordingly.

Thompson, William R. "Principal rivalries." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 195-223

ABSTRACT: A case is made for identifying rivalries in world politics in terms of decision maker perceptions as opposed to the number of disputes over some period of time in which states engage. Focusing on principal rivalries as opposed to enduring rivalries is discussed.

Thurow, Roger. "Bosnian Muslims pray for Western bombs, but not Western peace." Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition) (Aug. 11 '93) p. A1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Muslims in Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: Muslims in Bosnia do not support the peace plan that the United Nations has proposed because it calls for partitioning their country along ethnic lines and, in effect, legitimizes "ethnic cleansing," pushing the Muslims into isolated pockets. Instead of limited western air strikes aimed at driving their Serb attackers to the negotiating table, the Muslims want the world to pursue a policy aimed at defeating the Serbs and preserving a unified Bosnia. This plan would include comprehensive air strikes, followed by a lifting of the international arms embargo against the Muslims.

Thurow, Roger. "Bosnian Serbs vote for or against peace in grim referendum." Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition) (May 17 '93) p. A1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.Referendum--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: This past weekend residents of areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina that are controlled by Serbia voted in a referendum on whether to accept a United Nations-sponsored peace plan. Though results are still being tabulated, it is expected that they voted against accepting the terms of the agreement. Rejecting the plan would put more pressure on the U.S. and Europe to intervene in the civil war.

Thurow, Roger. "Serb blockade of Bosnia is barely a bump." Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition) (May 13 '93) p. A11

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Blockade.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Commerce.

ABSTRACT: It is unlikely that the blockade intended to deny the Serbs in Bosnia the fuel and material necessary to carry on their war will strangle the Serbs into submission and acceptance of a United Nations peace plan, as U.S. and European leaders, badly divided on whether to intervene militarily to end the war, are hoping. Despite the pledge by Serb President Slobodan Milosevic to cut off his fellow Serbs in Bosnia from everything except food and medicine, goods such as oil, timber, and cattle move freely through the bucolic border post in Raca, Yugoslavia, with only cursory checks from a host of Serb policemen.

Tice, Terrence N. "Conflict resolution." Education Digest Sep 1994, v60n1, p. 40-41

ABSTRACT: A report entitled "Reducing School Violence: Schools Teaching Peace," from the Appalachia Educational Laboratory in Charleston WV, offers information on conflict resolution or mediation programs.

Tirpak, John. "Export market forseen for up to 50 C-17s." Aviation Week & Space Technology Aug 29, 1994, v141n9, p. 71

ABSTRACT: McDonnell Douglas believes that up to 50 C-17 military transport aircraft could be sold on the world market, chiefly to countries with large territories or extensive peacekeeping duties.

Todd, Dave. "Keeping the peace." Canadian Geographic Nov 1992, v112n6, p. 56-64

ABSTRACT: Canada is the only country to have sent troops to every peacekeeping mission of the UN. The Canadian peacekeeping forces are profiled, along with a description of some the missions in which they have been involved.

Tombes, Jonathan. "Cambodia : Lessons for UN peacekeepers." American Enterprise May 1994, v5n3, p. 46-57

ABSTRACT: In May 1993, Cambodians went to the polls for the first time in more than two decades. The UN spent $2-3 billion and sent 22,000 people to supervise the elections, but the mission was only partly successful.

Touval, Saadia. "Why the U.N. fails." Foreign Affairs Sep 1994, v73n5, p. 44-57

ABSTRACT: Its diplomatic debacles in the past few years have demonstrated that the UN cannot mediate. The UN has too many mouths to speak with one voice, lacks the resources needed for political leverage and diminishes the credibility of its own promises by its incoherence. It is suggested that the UN should encourage self-interested countries to mediate the conflicts that they have the best chances of solving.

Towell, Pat. "Pentagon seeks money to pay for unscheduled missions." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Jan 21, 1995, v53n3, p. 216

ABSTRACT: Senior officials at the Pentagon have proposed a plan to answer GOP complaints that prolific spending for peacekeeping missions has damaged the military's combat-readiness. Pres Clinton is expected to seek a $2.56 billion supplemental appropriation to pay for unplanned operations in global trouble spots.

Towell, Pat. "U.S. readies for peace talks : Lawmakers remain wary." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Oct 28, 1995, v53n42, p. 3319

COMPANY NAMES AS SUBJECTS:Congress

ABSTRACT: As the US begins to gear up for peace talks with Bosnia, lawmakers remain wary about the possibility of sending US troops as peacekeeping forces. Pres Clinton insists that about 20,000 US troops would have to be sent.

Towell, Pat.; Doherty, Carroll J.; Kehoe, Mark T. "Congress reluctantly acquiesces in peacekeeping mission." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Dec 2, 1995, v53n47, p. 3668-3671

ABSTRACT: The majority of congressional members, as well as most Americans, oppose Pres Clinton's plan to send 20,000 US troops on a peacekeeping mission to Bosnia-Hercegovina. The congressional battle over sending troops to Bosnia is discused.

Towell, Pat. "Congress torn over response as deployment begins." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Dec 9, 1995, v53n48, p. 3750-3752

ABSTRACT: Congressional lawmakers are seeking to show opposition to Pres Clinton's commitment of 20,000 troops to the Balkan region without undermining their troops' morale. The US military deployment to Haiti received mixed reviews.

Towell, Pat. "Hearings fail to win support for peacekeeping mission." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Oct 21, 1995, v53n41, p. 3217-3218

ABSTRACT: Top Clinton Administration officials outlined Pres Clinton's plan to deploy 20,000 US soldiers in Bosnia-Hercegovina as part of a NATO peacekeeping force before four congressional committees on Oct 17 and 18, 1995.

Towell, Pat.; Cassata, Donna. "Hill set for full-scale debate on U.S. peacekeeping role." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Nov 25, 1995, v53n46, p. 3602-3603

ABSTRACT: The Nov 21, 1995 pact to end the war in Bosnia has refocused attention on where the US' interest lies. Pres Clinton has pledged to deploy 20,000 US troops as part of a NATO force that would police the peace.

Towell, Pat. "House opposes peacekeeping role, delays vote on cutoff of funds." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Nov 4, 1995, v53n43, p. 3390-3391

ABSTRACT: The House has approved a non-binding resolution that repudiates Pres Clinton's pledge to deploy up to 20,000 US troops as part of a NATO-led force to police a peace agreement. The House approved the resolution only two days before US-brokered Bosnian peace talks began.

Towell, Pat.; Cassata, Donna. "House votes to block Clinton from sending peacekeepers." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Nov 18, 1995, v53n45, p. 3549

ABSTRACT: On Nov 17, 1995, the House passed HR 2606, a bill that would block Pres Clinton's plan to deploy 20,000 US troops to police any peace agreement reached in Bosnia-Hercegovina.

Towell, Pat.; Doherty, Carroll J. "House votes to sharply rein in U.S. peacekeeping expenses." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Feb 18, 1995, v53n7, p. 535-538

ABSTRACT: On Feb 16, 1995 the House passed the National Security Revitalization Act. The bill would place restrictions on US participation in UN peacekeeping missions.

Towell, Pat. "White House tries to head off hill curbs on peacekeeping." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Nov 11, 1995, v53n44, p. 3467-3468

ABSTRACT: The White House continued its efforts to persuade Congress to defer any action that may block Pres Clinton's plan to deploy 20,000 troops as part of a NATO-led force to police a peace agreement in Bosnia.

Towell, Pat.; Doherty, Carroll J. "GOP strikes at cutbacks, peacekeeping missions." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Nov 19, 1994, v52n45, p. 3339-3340

ABSTRACT: House GOP members want to reverse policies that they believe have weakened the US' defenses and sent US troops into ill-defined and poorly conceived peacekeeping missions abroad. The GOP's proposed agenda for national security is discussed.

Towell, Pat. "Halperin withdraws candidacy for Pentagon position." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Jan 15, 1994, v52n2, p. 78

ABSTRACT: Controversial Pentagon nominee Morton H. Halperin withdrew his candidacy in Jan 1994 for the position to oversee US participation in international peacekeeping activities. Halperin's decision to withdraw his name is discussed.

Townley, Annette. "Changing school culture." Educational Leadership May 1995, v52n8, p. 80

ABSTRACT: The field of conflict resolution in schools is finally beginning to make a difference in changing the culture of schools. Advice on starting a conflict resolution program is offered.

Trewhitt, Henry.; Baer, Donald.; Trimble, Jeff.; Stanglin, Douglas.; Knight, Robin. "Responding to Gorbachev." US News & World Report Dec 19, 1988, v105n24, p. 16-20

ABSTRACT: While Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's recent extravagant propaganda-and-peace speech at the United Nations has left Western leaders shrewdly weighing his promises, it is now up to President-elect George Bush to lead the Western response.

Trimble, Jeff.; Stanglin, Douglas. "Into the valleys of death." US News & World Report Jun 21, 1993, v114n24, p. 45-47

ABSTRACT: Efforts to keep peace in the post-Cold War world are failing in places like Somalia, Cambodia and Bosnia. The depth of the problems that plague current UN peacekeeping efforts in Somalia, Cambodia and the Balkans is discussed, as are Russian peacekeeping efforts in South Ossetia.

Trimble, Jeff.; Zimmermann, Tim. "Counting the cost of keeping the peace." US News & World Report Feb 14, 1994, v116n6, p. 36

ABSTRACT: Pres Clinton could soon approve a measure that will sharply limit the use of US troops in UN peacekeeping operations. An assessment of the Presidential Decision Directive, which contains criteria for determining when US peacekeepers should be deployed in an international trouble spot, is presented.

Trimble, Jeff.; Zimmermann, Tim. "Counting the cost of keeping the peace." US News & World Report Feb 14, 1994, v116n6, p. 36

Trimble, Jeff. "Look who's playing peacekeeper now." U.S. News & World Report v. 103 (Nov. 2 '87) p. 47

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: As part of leader Mikhail Gorbachev's new, smooth-talking approach to global affairs, the Soviet Union has reversed its position in the United Nations: it now bills itself as a firm believer in the agency, contrasting itself with that skeptical tightwad, the United States. The policy change first became apparent in the area of peacekeeping; last year, the Soviet Union began contributing funds to maintain peacekeeping troops in Lebanon just as the United States reduced its share. More recently, the Soviet Union announced that it would pay its overdue peacekeeping bill in full and provide $111 million more toward this year's budget. The Soviet Union also acted as a mediator in the fight over a new director general for UNESCO, the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In taking these actions, which have met with warm support, the Soviet Union has pointed out U.S. shortcomings.

Trimble, Jeff. "Into the valleys of death: efforts to keep peace in the post-cold-war world are failing." U.S. News & World Report 114(June 21 '93) p. 45-7

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: Despite good intentions and expanding commitments, efforts to make and keep peace in the post-cold-war world are failing. Experience has shown that the United Nations, its members, and other groups lack the commitment, the organization, the training, and the money to police today's ethnic feuds and civil wars. Outmanned and outgunned, peacekeepers are counting on American troops to pick up the slack. Within the next few weeks, the Clinton administration will complete a review of America's peacekeeping policy designated PRD (Presidential Review Decision) 13, a document which officials say is intended to formalize American support for global peacekeeping and resolve organizational issues. Meanwhile, according to a senior Pentagon official, the U.S. and Russia are discussing a joint peacekeeping exercise in Europe. Problems plaguing current peacekeeping efforts in Somalia, Cambodia, and the Balkans are discussed.

Trimble, Jeff. "Into the valleys of death: efforts to keep peace in the post-cold-war world are failing." U.S. News & World Report 114(June 21 '93) p. 45-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

Trocchio, Carole M. "Ten myths of conflict resolution." Franchising World v. 25 (July/Aug. '93) p. 38-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Franchise system--Franchisee relations.Conflict management.

ABSTRACT: To remain competitive, franchise systems must reject certain myths about conflict resolution. When dealt with properly, conflict resolution can be a catalyst for improving the franchising system and strengthening the franchise relationship. Ten myths about conflict resolution are examined.

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott. "World leaders must reassert primacy." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 41 (Feb. '85) p. 10-13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Disarmament--Conferences.

ABSTRACT: Excerpted from remarks given when the author received the Albert Einstein Peace Prize Foundation's annual award in 1984: Political leaders will decide whether or not a nuclear war actually takes place, yet politicians act as if peace is too complicated for them. Only by making politics more important than technology or militarism will war be averted; government leaders must get involved. Economic and political instability in the Third World must be resolved through the conflict-resolution mechanisms of the United Nations. Lord Carrington, the new secretary general, must transform NATO into a vital organization. NATO must hold frequent summits and respond positively to proposals from the Warsaw Pact nations, who must seriously consider NATO proposals. For the first time, spring is not assured, the power to create a permanent, "nuclear" winter lies with two men, one in Moscow, and the other in Washington.

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott. "The nuclear imperative" World Press Review v. 32 (Jan. '85) p. 25-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Disarmament--Conferences.

ABSTRACT: Former Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau, in a speech delivered during his acceptance of the 1984 Albert Einstein International Peace Prize, suggested a way to curb the nuclear arms race. While it may be impossible to make war obsolete, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. World leaders must devote more energy to reducing nuclear arsenals and encouraging trust between East and West. Third World problems must be addressed, for that is where war breaks out. The Northern hemisphere must help the Southern, not only by supplying aid but with support in the United Nations. The five member nations of the U.N. Security Council must work more closely together. NATO must assert its political vitality; time should be allowed for summits and exchanges. The Warsaw Pact nations should respond with similar measures. The world must do its best to prevent war.

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott. "World leaders must reassert primacy." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 41 (Feb. '85) p. 10-13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Disarmament--Conferences.

Tsebelis, George. "Are sanctions effective?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1990, v34n1, p. 3-28

ABSTRACT: A close examination of the low success rate of economic sanctions indicated that sender countries are not able to select the appropriate cases. A game-theoretic explanation is presented.

Comparative.

Tsipis, Kosta.; Morrison, Philip. "Arming for peace." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1994, v50n2, p. 38-43

ABSTRACT: A UN-sponsored nuclear "umbrella" would allow participating nations to devote dwindling resources toward improving the quality of life rather than weapons while still retaining adequate security. Demand-side nonproliferation policies are discussed.

Tsoppi, Victor. " Blackmailing Unesco." World Press Review v. 32 (Mar. '85) p. 48-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--United States.Unesco.

ABSTRACT: An excerpt from Moscow's New Times calls the U.S. decision to leave the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) typical of a foreign policy aimed at undermining cooperation between nations independent of U.S. ideology. UNESCO was founded in 1946 to promote world peace and prosperity through global endeavors. Early Western members used UNESCO as a vehicle for dissemination of their ideology. The United States does not respect the many Third World nations among the 161 current UNESCO members that are dubious of Western ideology. Thus the United States opposes literacy programs, arms race studies, news sources free of imperialist influence, censures of racism and Zionism, celebrations of the defeat of Nazism, and other work for human rights. UNESCO will not be forced to abandon open debate and productive international efforts by a self-interested United States.

Tsuchiya, David. "UNTAC : A Fragile Peace." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1992, v21n2, p. 6-7+

ABSTRACT: In Feb 1992, the UN established the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). Despite the presence of UNTAC troops, fighting in Cambodia continues.

Tugendhat, Ernst. "The moral dilemma in the rescue of refugees." Social Research Spring 1995, v62n1, p. 129-142

ABSTRACT: The distinction between negative and positive duties is important when clarifying a nation's moral obligation in rescue operations. The moral obligation associated with rescuing refugees is discussed.

Turner, Tom. "A Green Peace Corps." The Mother Earth News v. 116 (Mar./Apr. '89) p. 48-50

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Environmental policy--International aspects.

ABSTRACT: The verbal commitments to protect the world's environment made by President Bush and Soviet president Gorbachev can be realized by using funds from proposed military cutbacks on both sides for international environmental programs. Bush should keep his campaign promise to convene an urgent international conference on the environment and encourage the United Nations to host the affair. Once Gorbachev has removed a half-million Soviet troops from Eastern Europe as promised, he should put them to work on restorative environmental projects in the Soviet Union and abroad. The collective efforts of the United States and the Soviet Union could lead to the development of a multilateral Green Peace Corps.

Tutwiler, Margaret D. "US arrearage payments to UN organizations." US Department of State Dispatch v. 2 (July 22 '91) p. 538

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Finance.United Nations--United States.

ABSTRACT: A report by a State Department spokesman summarizes recent U.S. arrearage payments to UN organizations. In keeping with President Bush's commitment to repaying U.S. arrearages to the UN and other international organizations over a five-year period, the United States recently paid $57.9 million. The United States also paid $18.5 million to the UN for the UN-Iraq-Kuwait Observer Mission and $24.3 million toward peacekeeping arrearages. A table presents the country's financial standing with a variety of international groups.

Tyler, Patrick E. "U.S. and China agree to expand defense links." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 3 '93) p. A13

KEY WORDS: Civil rights--China.United States--Foreign relations--China.China--Foreign relations--United States.China--Defenses.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Freeman, Chas. W., Jr.

ABSTRACT: (Nov. 2) The first high-level military-to-military contact between Pentagon and top Chinese military officials in more than 4 years has ended after 2 days of talks. The 2 sides agreed to a "modest" agenda of professional exchanges and future dialogue on such topics as international peacekeeping operations and the problems of converting defense industries to civilian use.

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UNHCR, United Nations High Commission for Refugees. The state of the world's refugees, 1995 : in search of solutions. London: Oxford University Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:Refugees.

CONTENTS:Preface / the UN Secretary-General -- Foreword / the UN Commissioner for Refugees -- 1. Changing approaches to the refugee problem -- 2. Protecting human rights -- 3. Keeping the peace -- 4. Promoting development -- 5. Managing migration -- Annex I: The problem of refugee statistics -- Annex II: Statistical tables -- Annex III: UNHCR in brief.

United Nations. " The abdication, again." New Republic Jun 19, 1995, v212n25, p. 7-8

ABSTRACT: The capture of UN troops by the Bosnian Serb army demonstrates powerfully the weakness of the UN to deal with the internal problems of Bosnia. It is time for the UN and the rest of the West to realize that the situation will not be solved in an unmilitary fashion.

United Nations. "Act anticipated to end arms embargo in Bosnia." Radio Program: All Things Considered--NPR Jul 14, 1995, Program n1908

ABSTRACT: Next week a resolution will be introduced in the Senate that will call for the lifting of the arms embargo and removal of UN forces from Bosnia. The ensuing potential results are discussed.

United Nations. "Afghanistan." Peacekeeping & International Relations Mar 1995, v24n2, p. 9

ABSTRACT: Warring factions in Afghanistan have agreed to a UN proposal for the establishment of a multi-party council to act as an interim government under UN oversight. The agreement represents a step toward peace.

United Nations. "Air strikes not advisable against Serbs, says U.N." Radio Program: All Things Considered--NPR May 9, 1995, Program n1842

ABSTRACT: The UN refused a request for air strikes against Bosnian Serbs despite the continued Serbian shelling of Sarajevo, citing a threat to crucial negotiations.

United Nations. "Analyst gives perspective on Yugoslavian arms embargo." Radio Program: All Things Considered--NPR Jul 20, 1995, Program n1914

ABSTRACT: Before the 1991 arms embargo, Yugoslavia was the 12th largest exporter of arms, but when the embargo began, many of those arms stayed with the Bosnian Serbs, with the UN protective forces hoping to control the situation.

United Nations. "Angola." Africa Report Mar 1995, v40n2, p. 7

ABSTRACT: On Feb 9, 1995, the UN Security Council voted unanimously to send 7,000 peace-keepers to Angola, ten times the number that was sent there for the failed mission in 1992. The US is to pay a third of the mission's cost, although it will not contribute troops.

United Nations. " Effectiveness of U.N. peacekeeping efforts questioned." Radio Program: All Things Considered--NPR Oct 21, 1995, Program n2007

ABSTRACT: On the 50th anniversary of the UN, many nations, particularly the US, are questioning the value of the UN's peacekeeping efforts. Critics see such efforts as short-sighted and dangerous.

United Nations. "Europe : A Balkan quagmire beckons." Economist Jun 3, 1995, v335n7917, p. 41-45

ABSTRACT: The taking of UN hostages by Bosnian Serbs has complicated the UN mission in Bosnia, and the UN is considering whether to reinforce its troops or to pull out altogether.

United Nations. "Experts debate peacekeeping roles of U.S., U.N." Radio Program: Weekend Edition-Saturday--NPR Feb 18, 1995, Program n1111

ABSTRACT: Larry Korb of the Brookings Institution and Lawrence DiRita of the Heritage Foundation discuss the National Defense Revitalization Act and its bearing on Pres Clinton's and the UN's roles in US foreign policy.

United Nations. "Ex-Yugoslavia : Soldiering on." Economist May 13, 1995, v335n7914, p. 54

ABSTRACT: Croatia's recapture of western Slavonia from Serb forces could unleash another bloody round of fighting, and the UN has little idea how to stop it. The worsening situation in ex-Yugoslavia is discussed.

United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. "Ex-Yugoslavia : To go or to stay?" Economist May 27, 1995, v335n7916, p. 43-44

ABSTRACT: Pressure is mounting on the UN to either overhaul its mission or withdraw altogether from Bosnia. In the event of a withdrawal, NATO would probably send in troops.

United Nations. "Fall of Srebrenica likely to determine fate of U.N." Radio Program: Morning Edition--NPR Jul 12, 1995, Program n1648

ABSTRACT: The fall of the safe haven of Srebrenica Bosnia-Hercegovina is likely to determine the fate of the UN mission. World leaders are at odds over what to do next and wonder how effective the UN intervention has been.

Unsworth, Tim. "Parishes should learn to fight fair." U.S. Catholic v. 54 (Feb. '89) p. 29-31

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict resolution.Parishes.Psychology, Religious.

ABSTRACT: Some amount of conflict within parishes is probably inevitable, but differences can be resolved most of the time if parish councils learn that some compromise is essential. The introduction of parish councils after Vatican II changed parish governance from a basically benevolent dictatorship into a loosely structured democracy. Unfortunately, parish councils often tried to develop new structures and a new language instead of drawing on proven models from other institutions. The board of trustees model, which involves committee structures, terms of office, agendas, reports, resolutions, discussions, votes, minutes, and established rules of order, may be the proper model for parish governance.

Upbin, Bruce. "Reading the meter maids." New York Nov 28, 1994, v27n47, p. 23

ABSTRACT: Psychologist Eleizabeth Brondolo has been monitoring New York City traffic agents for a year and a half, thinking they would be the perfect subjects to study stress caused by "interpersonal conflict." Brondolo has set up stress-management and conflict-resolution programs for the agents and their supervisors.

Urigashvili, Besik. "Caucasus fighting : Russia vs. Georgia?" Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 11, 1992, v44n41, p. 16

ABSTRACT: Eduard Shevardnadze met with the UN to discuss peacekeeping efforts for Georgia and Russia. It was stated that there is little hope that the parties will come to an agreement.

Uris, Auren. "Turning confrontations into calm conversations." Working Woman v. 14 (Sept. '89) p. 140-1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Communication in management.Conflict resolution.

ABSTRACT: An article excerpted from 88 Mistakes Interviewers Make and How to Avoid Them. Managers who know how to deal with emotionally charged scenes can turn potentially wasteful, destructive encounters with subordinates into fruitful exchanges. Advice on how to act in five work-related scenarios is provided.

Urquhart, Brian E. "Learning from the Gulf." The New York Review of Books v. 38 (Mar. 7 '91) p. 34-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Persian Gulf region.International security.Persian Gulf War, 1991.

ABSTRACT: The Gulf crisis is proof that the UN must be strengthened and expanded if it is to be an effective agent of collective security. The UN has served as a recourse of last resort rather than as the framer of a system of peace and security. If it is to honor its original mandate, it will need to be revamped so that it is able to keep a permanent watch on international peace and security the world over, preempt or prevent conflict, mediate disputes, ensure that the weak are protected, and deal authoritatively with aggressors and would-be aggressors. Fulfilling these objectives will require attention to the UN Charter. Unless the UN is given the power to fulfill the key provisions of the Charter, talk of a new world order will remain rather empty. To uphold a new order, any system of international peace and security put forward by the UN must be comprehensive and universal.

Urquhart, Brian. "Keeping the peace : The argument for a United Nations volunteer military force." Social Education Nov 1994, v58n7, p. 410-411

ABSTRACT: The UN's ability to intervene in violent local conflicts before they get out of hand has been tested by the recent expansion of the UN's peacekeeping commitments. A UN volunteer force is discussed as a possible solution for filling the gap in the armory of the Security Council.

Urquhart, Brian. "The U.N.'s Crucial Choice." Foreign Policy Fall 1991, n84, p. 157-165

ABSTRACT: At present, the UN is the only organization under which both global management and peace and security can be maintained. The problems of strengthening the UN to meet these tasks are considered.

Urquhart, Brian. "The United Nations & Its Discontents." New York Review of Books Mar 15, 1990, v37n4, p. 11-16

ABSTRACT: The UN was first conceived in 1941 to administer international relations during war, not peace. Since its founding after World War II, the UN has been challenged by the rapid increase in the number of decolonized, nonaligned, "Third World" countries that are not generally sympathetic to the West.

Urquhart, Brian. "Keeping the peace : The argument for a United Nations volunteer military force." Social Education Nov 1994, v58n7, p. 410-411

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Van Atta, Dale. "The folly of U.N. peacekeeping." Reader's Digest (U S Edition) Oct 1995, v147n882, p. 99-104

ABSTRACT: The UN's efforts to bring peace have often been failures, and the organization itself is riddled with waste, fraud and abuse. The UN's peace-keeping operations in Bosnia, Cambodia, Somalia, and Rwanda are described. (Part one in a series)

Van Atta, Dale. "The folly of U.N. peacekeeping." Reader's Digest (U S Edition) Oct 1995, v147n882, p. 99-104

van der Kroef, Justus M. "Cambodia in 1990 : The Elusive Peace." Asian Survey Jan 1991, v31n1, p. 94-102

ABSTRACT: Cambodia's 1990 political developments are discussed. Despite a broad peace-seeking agreement among the permanent UN Security Council members, acceptance of the key elements of the country's peace process ran into obstacles.

Van Dyk, Ted. "After the war: uncertainty." Financial World v. 160 (Mar. 5 '91) p. 76

KEY WORDS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Peace and mediation.Middle East--Politics and government.Middle East--Foreign relations--United States.

ABSTRACT: The United States needs to plan for peace, even before the Persian Gulf War is over. Unless the postwar period is managed well, Israel could find itself more isolated and threatened in the region than it was before the war. The United States should quickly withdraw its ground forces from the region after the war ends and ensure that they are replaced in the short term in Kuwait by a joint United Nations-Arab peacekeeping force. In addition, the United States should move toward the kind of comprehensive Middle East peace conference that it stated should not be linked to Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait.

Van Dyk, Ted. "After the war: uncertainty." Financial World v. 160 (Mar. 5 '91) p. 76

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Peace and mediation.Middle East--Politics and government.Middle East--Foreign relations--United States.

Van Wyk, Koos.; Radloff, Sarah. "Symmetry and reciprocity in South Africa's foreign policy." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1993, v37n2, p. 382-396

ABSTRACT: A replication of a cross-national study that focuses on symmetry and reciprocity as characteristics of dyadic foreign policy behavior is presented. Similar scaling and statistical techniques were applied to analyze the dyadic relations of a single country, South Africa.

Vatikiotis, Michael. "Grudging Unity." Far Eastern Economic Review Sep 20, 1990, v149n38, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: Warring Cambodian factions agreed to accept a UN role in administering the country. The development of a Supreme National Court is part of the plan to overcome irreconcilable differences between the factions.

Vaz, Valerie. "Sisters united." Essence Mar 1995, v25n11, p. 40

ABSTRACT: Women leaders from all over the globe will gather to discuss what women can do to advance equality, development and peace at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women.

Velekhov, Leonid. "Diplomacy : Russia demands that U.N. Security Council 'immediately evaluate' situation in Bosnia." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Sep 27, 1995, v47n35, p. 6

ABSTRACT: Russian Foreign Minister Grigory Karasin is calling for an immediate UN Security Council meeting, saying that punishment of the Serbs for the recent Sarajevo shelling is warranted.

Verbaan, Mark. "Peace on Pretoria's Terms?" Africa Report May 1989, v34n3, p. 13-16

ABSTRACT: The movement of Swapo fighters from bases in Angola into northern Namibia has raised questions concerning the role of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group, as well as providing Pretoria South Africa with justifications to delay the peace process. An analysis of the mood inside Pretoria, where intimidation and violence continue to jeopardize prospects for Namibia's independence is offered.

Vidulich, Dorothy. "U.N. conference may attract 20,000 women to China in 1995." National Catholic Reporter Jun 17, 1994, v30n32, p. 19

ABSTRACT: The Fourth World Conference of Women: Action for Equality, Development and Peace will be convened by the UN Sep 4-15, 1994 in Beijing. The goal of the conference is to develop a platform for action to the year 2000 that will include equality of women in decision-making, the promotion of literacy and education and the reduction of violence against women.

Vinogradov, B. "Far East." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Jan 9, 1991, v42n49, p. 17-18

ABSTRACT: Recent events related to the process of reaching a Cambodian settlement have taken a turn that is contrary to logic and assessments. How the Cambodian parties are reacting to the UN recommendations is discussed.

Vuchinich, Samuel.; Teachman, Jay. "Influences on the duration of wars, strikes, riots, and family arguments." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1993, v37n3, p. 544-568

ABSTRACT: The application of utility theory is extended to conflict duration. It is considered how the perceived utility of continuing conflict changes while conflicts are under way.

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Wagner, Stephen. "A kiwi in Somalia." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: Wagner discusses the activities of the supply operation by the New Zealand Supply Platoon in Somalia. The Supply Platoon dealt with 27 nations in UNOSOM, as well as the Somalis.

Wagner, Cynthia G. "Future Focus." The Futurist v. 20 (Nov./Dec. '86) p. 29-37

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: World Future Society.

ABSTRACT: At the World Future Society's 1986 conference, "Future Focus: The Next Fifteen Years," keynote speaker Alvin Toffler said that most futurist writing fails to recognize that the future will be born in crisis, not in a painless transition. Conflicting values have created tensions between religious groups, races, nations, and other social groups. Conference sessions addressed conflict resolution, Third World development, the prevention of nuclear war, free trade and the crisis of the U.S. economy, reform and the future of education, and new approaches to health. Conflicts among futurists were also discussed.

Wall, James M. "Ambiguity as a Diplomatic Tool." Christian Century Dec 14, 1988, v105n38, p. 1139-1140

ABSTRACT: An editorial states that the State Department's denial of a visa to PLO leader Yasser Arafat, which would have enabled him to address the UN General Assembly, was a mistake. Possible repercussions for Israel are discussed.

Wall, James M. "The Peres peace plan: battling extremism." The Christian Century v. 104 (Oct. 28 '87) p. 931-2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Jews--United States--Political activities.

ABSTRACT: Israeli foreign minister Shimon Peres has offered an important proposal to establish peace in Israel and the occupied territories. Despite strong objections from Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Shamir, Peres is calling for an international conference that would involve negotiations between representatives of Israel and all the Arab states, permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and Palestinians. To further his cause, Peres has appealed to American Jewish leaders for support. Shamir maintains that American Jews should not intrude in Israel's internal affairs. Shamir is wrong, however; Americans of any religious persuasion should support steps that might lead to peace.

Wall, James M. "Ambiguity as a diplomatic tool." The Christian Century v. 105 (Dec. 14 '88) p. 1139-40

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Palestine Liberation Organization.United Nations--Middle East.Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Passports.United States--Foreign relations--Middle East.

ABSTRACT: The United States should have viewed the Palestine Liberation Organization's ambiguous recognition of Israel as a diplomatic position taken to satisfy the Palestine National Council's more militant colleagues. Secretary of State George Shultz was wrong to deny PLO leader Yasir Arafat a visa, which would have allowed him to speak before the United Nations. Shultz's action impedes efforts for peace in the Middle East and can only serve to give Arafat a larger audience when he addresses a special UN meeting in Geneva. The United States is apparently less interested in a peaceful solution to the intifada in occupied areas of the West Bank and Gaza than in some sort of "unconditional surrender" on the part of rock-throwing Palestinian youths. Israel's own tenuous situation in the Middle East made the need for a positive response by the United States even more important.

Walker, Stephen G.; Watson, George L. "Integrative complexity and British decisions during the Munich and Polish crises." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1994, v38n1, p. 3-23

ABSTRACT: The impact of crisis management strategies, stress and groupthink conditions on the integrative complexity of British decision makers in ten decision-making episodes during two Anglo-German crises in 1938 and 1939 were addressed. There were significant differences in Neville Chamberlain's integrative capacity between early and later episodes of the Polish conflict in the intergovernmental arena.

Wall, James M. "Global pastor." Christian Century Jan 4, 1995, v112n1, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: Former Pres Jimmy Carter has persevered in his self-imposed task of trying to reconcile warring factions throughout the world in the name of peace. Carter's success in conflict resolution, which stems from his desire to serve and yet avoid the sin of pride, is examined.

Wall, James A Jr.; Lynn, Ann. "Mediation : A current review." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1993, v37n1, p. 160-194

ABSTRACT: The mediation literature from the 1980s is examined. The literature is organized and integrated in a framework that focuses on the mediator's decision to mediate, the choice of medication techniques, the outcomes of mediation and the determinants of these factors.

Wall, James A Jr.; Blum, Michael. "Community Mediation in the People's Republic of China." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1991, v35n1, p. 3-20

ABSTRACT: The mediations of 97 community mediators in China were investigated. It was found that Chinese mediators use the same techniques and strategies in both successful and unsuccessful mediations; yet, their techniques and strategies differ in couple (husband-wife) as opposed to noncouple disputes.

Wallace, Bruce. "The madness of war." Maclean's v. 107 (May 2 '94) p. 26-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.Gorazde (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1992- .Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: The West's ultimatum to the Serbs regarding the siege of Gorazde may only worsen the situation in Bosnia. So far, every threat and military procedure carried out by the West, through the United Nations and NATO, has failed to bring peace to the region. The UN and NATO do not seem to understand the nature of the Bosnian Serb enemy. According to Martin Van Creveld, a historian at Hebrew University, attacking the Serbs risks increasing their resistance, because it creates the impression that everyone is against them. The crisis, he says, reflects an insidious new cause of war: bored young men or violent mercenaries who rally around ethnic banners and derive comradeship and economic benefits from war, which they see as a way of life or social climbing. World leaders should take this into consideration before applying more of their conventional military solutions to the Bosnian conflict.

Wallace, Bruce. "Holding the world hostage." Maclean's Jun 12, 1995, v108n24, p. 22-24

ABSTRACT: Bosnian Serbs are holding 377 UN peacekeepers hostage, raising the stakes for nations with troops involved in the peacekeeping mission. The action brought threats of NATO military action and triggered a military buildup. Canadian Defence Minister David Collenette discussed Canada's reaction to the crisis in a brief interview.

Wallace, Bruce. "The madness of war." Maclean's May 2, 1994, v107n18, p. 26-27

ABSTRACT: NATO has threatened air strikes against Bosnian Serbs besieging the town of Gorazde Bosnia-Hercegovina to reinfornce the UN safe haven there. NATO air strikes could make the situation in Bosnia worse.

Wallace, Bruce. "Calling the shots." Maclean's Dec 19, 1994, v107n51, p. 24-25

ABSTRACT: The 55 Canadians held by Bosnian Serbs have been released, but the Serbs continue to hold about 300 other peacekeepers to deter NATO attacks. The Serbs are still very much in control of the situation.

Wallace, James. "After 40 years, U.S. remains target at U.N." U.S. News & World Report v. 99 (Sept. 23 '85) p. 28-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--United States.United Nations.--General Assembly (40th session)

ABSTRACT: As the United Nations celebrates its fortieth anniversary, its goal of maintaining world peace has gone unrealized, and it has become a forum for many small nations to verbally abuse the United States, its most important donor. The United Nations has had, and will continue to have, its greatest success in dealing with nonpolitical issues. The Third World penchant for politicizing the work of many UN agencies has drawn criticism from Washington, but the Reagan administration has no intention of reducing its involvement. President Reagan will make his fourth appearance at the international body to give a major speech next month. Vernon Walters, the United States's new multilingual ambassador to the United Nations, is actively cultivating good relations with Third World representatives. A painstakingly composed but generally meaningless resolution will mark the UN's birthday.

Wallace, Michael D.; Suedfeld, Peter.; Thachuk, Kimberley. "Political rhetoric of leaders under stress in the Gulf crisis." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1993, v37n1, p. 94-107

ABSTRACT: A structural attribute of leaders' utterances--their integrative complexity--before, during and after the Gulf crisis and war was examined to determine its association with behavior.

Wallensteen, Peter.; Axell, Karin. "Conflict resolution and the end of the Cold War, 1989-93." Journal of Peace Research Aug 1994, v31n3, p. 333-349

ABSTRACT: Basic data on 90 armed conflicts in the period 1989-93 indicate that in 1993 there was not one single interstate conflict, but all 47 active armed conflicts were internal. Conflict resolution efforts aiming at peace agreement often saw positive outcomes in longstanding disputes.

Walters, Vernon A. "UN calls for full implementation of Afghanistan peace accords." Department of State Bulletin v. 89 (Jan. '89) p. 40-1

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Afghanistan.Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: In a statement made before the United Nations General Assembly, the permanent representative to the United Nations announces the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 43/20, which calls for the complete withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, reaffirms the Afghan people's right to self determination, and calls for the preservation of the country's territorial integrity and political independence. The text of the resolution is reproduced.

Walters, Vernon A. "UN calls for Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan." Department of State Bulletin v. 86 (Feb. '86) p. 20-2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Afghanistan.United Nations--Soviet Union.United Nations.--General Assembly (40th session)Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989.

ABSTRACT: In an address to the United Nations General Assembly on November 12, 1985, the U.S. ambassador introduces a resolution calling for the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan. For almost six years, the Soviet Union has tried to subjugate Afghanistan. Soviet troops have attacked civilian targets without regard for human rights. The USSR is trying to "Sovietize" Afghanistan by rewriting textbooks, indoctrinating children in communism, and replacing Islamic teachings with communist ideology. The Afghans refuse to be dominated, however, and they are effectively resisting the Soviet occupation. A negotiated withdrawal of Soviet troops is necessary for peace. The text of UN General Assembly Resolution 40/12, which was accepted on November 13, is provided.

Walters, Vernon A. "UN Calls for Full Implemenation of Afghanistan Peace Accords." Department of State Bulletin Jan 1989, v89n2142, p. 40-41

ABSTRACT: A statement to the UN General Assembly calls for the total withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan by February 15, 1989.

Walters, Vernon A. "Efforts toward a Cambodian settlement." Department of State Bulletin v. 89 (Feb. '89) p. 65-8

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Cambodia.Cambodia--Foreign relations--Vietnam.Cambodia--Politics and government.United States--Foreign relations--Cambodia.

ABSTRACT: In a statement before the UN General Assembly, the U.S. permanent representative to the UN reports on the diplomatic activity surrounding the Cambodian conflict: Vietnam's announcement of its intention to withdraw its troops from Cambodia is one of several positive developments. The United States favors the complete termination of the Vietnamese occupation, which it regards as highly damaging to the Vietnamese as well as to the Cambodians. With the aim of preventing a return to power by the Khmer Rouge, the United States is pushing such measures as internationally supervised elections, the removal of Pol Pot and other senior Khmer Rouge leaders, and the establishment of a peacekeeping force. The text of General Assembly Resolution 43/19 on Cambodia is provided.

Walzer, Michael. "The politics of rescue." Dissent Winter 1995, v42n1, p. 35-41

ABSTRACT: Arguments for and against "humanitarian intervention" are examined. Although there are cases where intervening will do more harm than good, intervention is a principle that should not be abandoned.

Walzer, Michael. "The politics of rescue." Social Research Spring 1995, v62n1, p. 53-66

ABSTRACT: The question of whether or not to intervene in a country's civil war, or a politically induced famine or the massacre of a local minority is discussed. The use of force in another people's countries should always generate hesitation and anxiety.

Wang Baoliu. "UN faces arduous task." Beijing Review Jul 31, 1995, v38n31, p. 16-19

ABSTRACT: The UN has registered tremendous success over the past 50 years in maintaining world peace and security and promoting global economic and social advancement. The past feats and new challenges facing the UN are considered.

Ward, Hugh. "Three men in a boat, two must row : An analysis of a three-person chicken pregame." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1990, v34n3, p. 371-400

ABSTRACT: The pregame phase of a three-person chicken game in which each player obtains joint gains so long as at least two of the three cooperate is examined. It is shown that relatively few pregames end with joint gains foregone. Applications to international and domestic politics are suggested.

Ward, Hugh. "Game theory and the politics of the global commons." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1993, v37n2, p. 203-235

ABSTRACT: Various game structures are possible depending on the nature of domestic political pressures and the environmental spillovers between the countries. Game theory and the politics of global warming are discussed.

Ward, Hugh. "Testing the waters." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1989, v33n2, p. 274-308

ABSTRACT: It is shown that in sequential public goods supergames, players with Assurance preferences may gather information about others' preferences from their game moves, and that it may pay them to take risks of short-term losses in order to do so.

Ward, Michael D.; Rajmaira, Sheen. "Reciprocity and Norms in U.S.-Soviet Foreign Policy." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1992, v36n2, p. 342-368

ABSTRACT: A study examined the nature of US-USSR relations since the 1950s, and particularly during the 1980s, to assess reciprocity and norms in foreign policy making. The research suggests an increase in cooperation and a leveling off of hostility between the countries since 1985.

Warner, Margaret Garrard.; Watson, Thomas M. "Talking peace and moving toward war." Newsweek v. 116 (Oct. 8 '90) p. 26-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Persian Gulf region.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on Iraq and the Persian Gulf crisis. U.S. officials are drafting a United Nations Security Council resolution that would authorize military action against Iraq. The UN has almost run of out of peaceful ways to punish Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. Should the stalemate in the Persian Gulf escalate into a war, the Bush administration would rather participate in a UN military action than act on its own. A UN Security Council resolution, which is still in rough form, calls for the UN to sanction military action without requiring the United States, or any other combatant, to put its forces under UN command.

Warner, Margaret Garrard.; Watson, Russell. "Talking Peace and Moving Toward War." Newsweek Oct 8, 1990, v116n15, p. 26-27

ABSTRACT: The UN Security Council has adopted its ninth anti-Iraq resolution, a measure which extends the trade embargo to include air traffic. Also, if conflict does break out, the US will seek legitimacy from the UN.

Warrington, Robert D. "The helmets may be blue, but the blood's still red : The dilemma of U.S. participation in UN peace operations." Comparative Strategy Jan 1995, v14n1, p. 23-34

ABSTRACT: By taking steps to articulate principles that persuasively explain the purpose and value of participation in UN peace operations, the US will be able to show more resilience in its commitment to peacefully resolve conflict in contemporary international affairs.

Wartski, Maureen Crane. "Writing for Young Adults." Writer Dec 1986, v99n12, p. 17-19

ABSTRACT: Writing for young adults is challenging and writing any story or novel consists of finding a topic that is interesting, a plot that has components of conflict and resolution and interesting characters. Suggestions for writing for young adults is discussed.

Waters, Harry F., reviewer. "<Amerika (television program review)>." Newsweek v. 108 (Nov. 10 '86) p. 90+

KEY WORDS: Television program reviews--Single works.

ABSTRACT: The ABC miniseries Amerika is raising a storm of controversy at home and abroad. The 12-hour program, scheduled to air in February, follows conditions in the United States after a Soviet takeover. The U.S. media watchdog group Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting and former defense secretary Elliot Richardson have denounced the program for its blatant anti-Soviet slant. United Nations secretary-general Javier Perez de Cuellar requested that all mention of the UN be removed from the program because UN peacekeeping troops are portrayed as pro-Soviet goons; having been refused, the organization is considering legal recourse. ABC claims that the program demonstrates what is involved in living in and maintaining the U.S. democracy. The trouble lies with television's massive influence; Amerika could well affect public opinion about U.S.-Soviet arms control talks.

Waters, Harry F.m "A storm over 'Amerika'." Newsweek v. 108 (Nov. 10 '86) p. 90+

KEY WORDS: American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.Soviet Union in television.Television and politics.

Watson, Paul. "Message explodes on Somali ground." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 10 '93) p. 17 (Sec 1)

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States.--Air Force--Forces in Somalia.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: On October 9, American AC-130 gunships put on a fierce display of firepower as part of the rapid buildup of U.S. forces in Somalia. The gunships fired at least 30 shells into a field full of the remains of tanks from General Mohammed Farah Aidid's arsenal that were destroyed by American troops in June. A UN spokesman said that the barrage was intended both as a target practice and as a way to let the Somalis know that the Americans were back.

Watson, Russell.; Dickey, Christopher.; Stanger, Theodore.; Marshall, Ruth. "Iran's Crusade Falls Far Short." Newsweek Aug 22, 1988, v112n8, p. 32-33

ABSTRACT: After eight years of Iran's fruitless war with Iraq, a United Nations-sponsored cease-fire is scheduled to begin on August 20. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamic revolution seems to have run out of steam.

Watson, Russell. "A no-win war." Newsweek Jun 12, 1995, v125n24, p. 18-22

ABSTRACT: Bosnia is a conflict the US doesn't want to become embroiled in, but Serb aggression has apparently made this scenario inevitable. The Serbs' taking of UN peacekeepers as hostages, the downing of a US plan and Pres Clinton's policy options are discussed.

Watson, Russell. "Will it be springtime for Tudjman?" Newsweek Mar 20, 1995, v125n12, p. 41

ABSTRACT: Croatia has threatened to throw UN peacekeepers out of the country, an action that is likely to cause fighting to erupt and suck in US troops. Croatia has been stockpiling weapons and training men for three years.

Watson, Russell. "A crisis of conscience in Israel's Army." Newsweek v. 113 (Jan. 30 '89) p. 41

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Palestinian Arabs.Israel--Army.

ABSTRACT: Many Israeli soldiers have become convinced that their efforts to put down the Palestinian uprising, or intifada, in the Israeli-occupied territories are wrong. Disenchantment is particularly strong among reservists, who make up three-quarters of the Israeli armed forces. On a recent trip to the West Bank, Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir met with reservists in an attempt to improve his image and boost the morale of soldiers on riot duty, but the meeting only exposed the shame that some soldiers feel over their role in the conflict. Some 350 Arabs, mostly stone-throwing youths, have been killed in the intifada since December 1987. Shamir has suggested that the United Nations set up a peace conference for Israel and its Arab neighbors, but he refuses to open talks with the Palestine Liberation Organization. Meanwhile, Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin has announced that harsh new measures will go into effect in the territories.

Watson, Russell. "With blood in their eyes." Newsweek v. 111 (Apr. 18 '88) p. 28-9+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Muslims--Afghanistan.Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: All signs seem to indicate that the superpowers want peace in Afghanistan, but the nation's Islamic rebels have vowed to continue to fight. The Soviet Union has announced that it will begin withdrawing its troops on May 15. A United Nations mediator has announced that peace accords with Washington and Moscow as guarantors are awaiting signatures in Geneva. The mujahedin rebels, however, have pledged to continue their campaign against the pro-Soviet government of Najibullah. The rebels seem to have the strength and momentum needed to defeat the government, but they are divided into many clans, tribes, armies, factions, and political parties. It seems to be only a matter of time before they will begin fighting among themselves for political control.

Watson, Russell. "Afghanistan: cease-fire?." Newsweek v. 109 (Jan. 12 '87) p. 31

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: After seven years of fighting between the Soviet-backed Afghanistan government and Muslim rebels, Afghan government leader Dr. Najib has announced a nationwide cease-fire to be followed by discussions to form a national unity government. Seven opposition rebel groups, known as the mujahedin, have already rejected the cease-fire from their bases in Pakistan, claiming that the fighting will continue until Najib is gone and a complete Islamic government is established in Muslim Afghanistan. Najib's proclamation was the latest in a series of attempts by Moscow to distance itself from the quagmire in Afghanistan. Since 1982 the United Nations has conducted indirect peace talks between Pakistan and the Afghan government. The major dispute concerns the Soviet timetable for withdrawal. Moscow wants three years to withdraw after a cease-fire, whereas Washington and Pakistan are pressing for six months.

Watson, Russell. "Across the line: Israel hits Hizbullah." Newsweek v. 119 (Mar. 2 '92) p. 47

KEY WORDS: Party of God (Lebanon)Lebanon--Israeli invasions, 1982- .

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Musawi, Abbas.

ABSTRACT: War appears to be the only language spoken between Lebanon and Israel. Recently, the Israelis brushed aside UN peacekeeping troops to lash out at their antagonists in southern Lebanon. The Israeli army entered 2 Shi'ite Muslim villages and attacked anyone suspected of helping the Hizballah, the militant Party of God. Israel began this episode of violence by killing Hizballah leader Sheik Abbas Musawi, a murder that is sure to inflame the Shi'ites for months to come. Although the violence was deplored by Washington, no tears were shed over the death of Musawi, who had publicly claimed to have masterminded the 1983 bombings of the Beirut barracks in which 241 U.S. servicemen were killed. Hizballah members were also behind the long ordeal of Western hostages in Lebanon. The recent violence is not expected to disrupt the next round of the Middle East peace conference.

Watson, Russell.; Barry, John. "Going into action." Newsweek Nov 27, 1995, v126n22, p. 40-43

ABSTRACT: Once a treaty is signed between the warring parties in Bosnia, US military forces will be sent in to act as peacekeeping troops. There are some concerns about what these troops will be trying to accomplish and how to remove them if the war in Bosnia re-escalates.

Waugh, Auberon. "The fate of the Bosnians is, if anything, of rather less interest than poor Peter Zizzi" Spectator Jul 22, 1995, v275n8715, p. 8

ABSTRACT: Waugh discusses the tragedy of Peter Zizzi, a five-year-old child who received critical injuries on a ride at an amusement park. He contrasts the reaction of people to Zizzi's story with the interfering reaction of various countries to the civil war in Bosnia.

Webster, Daniel W. "The unconvincing case for school-based conflict resolution programs for adolescents." Health Affairs Winter 1993, v12n4, p. 126-141

ABSTRACT: It is doubful that existing conflict resolution programs can reduce interpersonal violence for several reasons. Recommendations to prevent adolescent violence include suggestions for restructuring the program content of youth violence prevention programs, intensifying and broadening interventions and reducing the availability of guns.

Wechsler, Dana. "The great GASB." Forbes v. 144 (Dec. 11 '89) p. 60

KEY WORDS: Financial Accounting Foundation.Government Accounting Standards Board.

ABSTRACT: The Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are at odds over which board should tell government entities how to keep their books. The GASB has had this power since 1984, while the FASB has set the rules for the private sector. The fight began in January, when the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF), which presides over the FASB and the GASB, told the GASB that public hospitals, universities, and utilities would start following FASB rules. The action infuriated the GASB's state and local government groups, which viewed it as an invasion of their jurisdiction. The groups threatened to secede from the GASB and the FAF and create their own standard-setting organization. FAF president John Ruffle agreed to return jurisdiction to the GASB, but the peacekeeping measure may have only papered over a fissure that will ultimately widen.

Weesie, Jeroen. "Incomplete information and timing in the volunteer's dilemma : A comparison of four models." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1994, v38n3, p. 557-585

ABSTRACT: The supply of a public good that can be privately produced at costs smaller than the benefits is examined. The selection of a volunteer creates a social dilemma, without a coordinating mechanism.

Weesie, Jeroen. "Asymmetry and timing in the volunteer's dilemma." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1993, v37n3, p. 569-590

ABSTRACT: The volunteer's timing dilemma (VTD) is presented and discussed. Extensive comparisons of properties of the equilibriums of the volunteer's dilemma and the VTD are made.

Wehr, Paul.; Lederach, John Paul. "Mediating Conflict in Central America." Journal of Peace Research Feb 1991, v28n1, p. 85-98

ABSTRACT: An examination of the process, structure and context of the Esquipulas peace process in Central America is offered. The Esquipulas effort is found to be an innovative effort in regional conflict resolution.

Weinberger, Caspar W. "Bosnia--An American and world tragedy."

ABSTRACT: Western nonpolicy in Bosnia-Hercegovina has produced one absurd action after another. The UN peacekeeping mission is the stuff of madness because its troops cannot use force to hold the Bosnian Serbs to their promises.

Weinberger, Caspar W. "Getting our troops into the trenches by Christmas." Forbes Dec 18, 1995, v156n14, p. 33

ABSTRACT: The Balkan peace agreement is shaky and could deteriorate, putting 20,000 US troops sent to the region in danger. Pres Clinton is facing a foreign policy disaster. The peace agreement is discussed.

Weinberger, Caspar W. "Isolationism--Or common sense?" Forbes Aug 14, 1995, v156n4, p. 33

ABSTRACT: Charges of isolationism from the Clinton Administration concerning bills that are designed to prevent US involvement in Bosnian UN peacekeeping efforts are wrongly directed. Isolationism is the wrong policy to follow.

Weinberger, Caspar W. "National security revitalization." Forbes Feb 27, 1995, v155n5, p. 37
ABSTRACT: Secy of State Warren Christopher erred on Jan 26, 1995 when he warned the House International Relations Committee that the National Security Revitalization Act "would threaten to end UN peacekeeping overnight."

Weinberger, Caspar W. "How to lose a "peacekeeping force"." Forbes Aug 29, 1994, v154n5, p. 33

ABSTRACT: There is a constant misuse of the term "peacekeeping forces," which seems to apply to any military effort dealing with a difficult foreign policy situation. Designating an effort as "peacekeeping" is simply done to gain public support. The use of UN peacekeeping forces in Somalia, Bosnia and Rwanda is discussed.

Weiss, Donald H. "Mediating between warring employees." Supervisory Management (New York, N.Y.) v. 38 (Dec. '93) p. 3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict management.Human relations.Subordinates and supervisors.

ABSTRACT: An article reprinted from Conflict Resolution. Managers can use mediation to end fights between employees. To use mediation effectively, however, managers must realize the importance of timing. They should not jump into the situation when it does not concern them and no one has asked for their help. A better time to intervene would be when the parties invite management intervention or when the parties have reached an impasse. When mediating, managers should remain neutral, impartial, and unbiased and never take sides, even if one side is flagrantly at fault. Rather, managers should listen, examine the data, seek out common ground, look for new or additional information, and summarize the situation. Managers should make decisions concerning the solution only if the situation becomes desperate.

Weiss, Philip. "The man who fell to earth." The New Republic v. 194 (Feb. 10 '86) p. 20-3

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Urquhart, Brian E.

ABSTRACT: Brian E. Urquhart, the retiring under secretary-general of the United Nations, is most famous for surviving a fall of 1,200 feet in 1942 after his parachute failed to open while he was on maneuvers with the British army. He has served with the UN since its beginning and gained recognition in 1961 when he helped lead the UN peacekeeping operation in the Congo, where he was kidnapped and severely beaten. Urquhart is a dedicated organization man who believes in the viability of the UN as a force for world peace. Yet since he took up the job of his mentor, Under Secretary-General Ralph J. Bunche, in 1974, his successes have been minor, and he tends to overstate the achievements of the UN in Cyprus and the Middle East. Urquhart warns that the cynicism about the UN is like that which surrounded the League of Nations in the 1930s prior to World War II. His British imperial training may be behind his misperception of the organizational order of the UN peacekeeping mission as real global order.

Weiss, Philip. "The man who fell to earth." The New Republic v. 194 (Feb. 10 '86) p. 20-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

Weiss, Thomas George.; Kessler, Meryl A. "Moscow's U.N. policy." Foreign Policy v. 79 (Summer '90) p. 94-112

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: The United States should join the Soviet Union in its promotion of a more dynamic United Nations. The Soviet interest in multilateral security efforts represents a radical change from previous Soviet positions, but it appears credible because the Soviet Union has backed up its forward-looking statements with meaningful actions. Ironically, U.S. ties to the United Nations have weakened at the same time that the Kremlin has sought to strengthen its own. The Bush administration should recognize that Moscow's new perspective on the United Nations does not constitute a threat and welcome the Soviet initiatives as an opportunity to coordinate superpower peacekeeping activities.

Weiss, Thomas G. The United Nations and civil wars. Boulder, Colo. : L. Rienner PUBLISHERs, 1995.

SUBJECTS:United Nations. Civil war.

CONTENTS: Introduction / Thomas G. Weiss -- The New-old disorder in the Third World / Mohammed Ayoob -- Armed conflict in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union / Stephen D. Shenfield -- Military responses to complex emergencies / John Mackinlay -- UN civil governance-in-trust / Jarat Chopra -- The Evolving humanitarian enterprise / Larry Minear -- The United Nations' predicament in the former Yugoslavia / Age Eknes -- Transitional authority in Cambodia / Michael W. Doyle and Ayaka Suzuki -- The Paradox of humanitarian assistance and military intervention in Somalia / Debarati G. Sapir and Hedwig Deconinck -- Regional leadership and universal implementation in El Salvador's quest for peace / Christina Eguizabal -- The United Nations and civil wars at the dawn of the twenty-first century / Thomas G. Weiss

Weiss, Thomas G., Meryl A. Kessler. Third World security in the post-cold war era. Boulder : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991.

SUBJECTS:World politics--1985-1995. Developing countries--National security.

CONTENTS:The security legacy of the 1980s in the Third World / Augustus Richard Norton -- Soviet policy toward the Third World in the 1990s / Celeste A. Wallander -- US policy toward the Third World in the twenty-first century / Michael Clough -- The Third World and the superpowers in a different era / Robert Legvold -- The United Nations and Third World security in the 1990s / Meryl A. Kessler and Thomas G. Weiss -- The impact of superpower collaboration on the Third World / S. Neil MacFarlane -- Critical commentary: A Soviet view / Viktor Kremenyuk -- Critical commentary: A Third World view on the implications of superpower collaboration / James O.C. Jonah.

Weiss, Thomas G. "The United Nations and civil wars." Washington Quarterly Autumn 1994, v17n4, p. 139-159

ABSTRACT: The widespread and endemic violence of the world has resulted in a dramatically increased demand for UN action. Several conceptual signposts that help to decipher the multilateral road map for civil wars in the post-Cold War era are suggested, and the implications of the US' lack of leadership for UN action in civil wars are examined.

Weiss, Thomas G. "Intervention : Whither the United Nations?" Washington Quarterly Winter 1994, v17n1, p. 109-128

ABSTRACT: While the end of the Cold War has reinvigorated the UN Security Council, it has also unleashed some old rivalries. How the UN is facing these new challenges is discussed.

Weiss, Thomas G. "The United Nations at fifty : Recent lessons." Current History May 1995, v94n592, p. 223-228

ABSTRACT: Weiss assesses the UN's strengths over the last five years as it has become increasingly involved in efforts to maintain international peace and security, as well as its weaknesses.

Weiss, Thomas G. "New challenges for UN military operations : Implementing an agenda for peace." Washington Quarterly Winter 1993, v16n1, p. 51-66

ABSTRACT: UN Secy Gen Boutros Boutros-Ghali's report, "An Agenda for Peace," is discussed. In the future, the UN's role in international peace and security will be significant.

Weiss, Thomas G. "New challenges for UN military operations : Implementing an agenda for peace." Washington Quarterly Winter 1993, v16n1, p. 51-66

ABSTRACT: UN Secy Gen Boutros Boutros-Ghali's report, "An Agenda for Peace," is discussed. In the future, the UN's role in international peace and security will be significant.

Weiss, Stefanie. "Keeping the peace." NEA Today Dec 1995, v14n5, p. 21

ABSTRACT: School support employees at elementary schools across the US are playing an important role in mentoring programs, conflict resolution policies, and peace centers to teach kids how to handle their differences without violence. Two examples of this trend are discussed.

Welch, David A. "Crisis decision making reconsidered." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 430-445

ABSTRACT: This study critiques the gathering of information by Herik, Janis and Huth, who, in 1987, studied the relationship between the quality of the decision-making process in an international crisis and the desirability of its outcome, and who also, this study contends, used incomplete and obsolete evidence. The results of the study are presented.

Weller, Marc. "Peace and War." New Statesman & Society Oct 16, 1992, v5n224, p. 25

ABSTRACT: The UN's peace-keeping efforts could lead to another civil war as Croatians perceive the UN forces as allies of the Serbs. UN-protected areas should be allowed to remain under Croatian sovereignty.

Welsh, Helga A. "Political transition processes in central and eastern Europe." Comparative Politics Jul 1994, v26n4, p. 379-394

ABSTRACT: Using the example of central and eastern Europe, a proposal is made that negotiation patterns are crucial in understanding political transition processes and that changes in the modes of conflict resolution help in analyzing progress toward the consolidation of democratic rule.

Wendt, David. "The peacemakers : Lessons of conflict resolution for the post-Cold War world." Washington Quarterly Summer 1994, v17n3, p. 163-178

ABSTRACT: The end of the Cold War came in many different phases and unfolded in various ways in various parts of the world. Two episodes that represent a more or less conscious use of strategies of conflict resolution to reduce tensions in a setting of extreme political polarization and regional conflict are discussed.

Weston, Burns H.. Alternative security : living without nuclear deterrence. Boulder : Westview Press, 1990.

SUBJECTS:Security, International. Peace.Nuclear warfare.

CONTENTS:The military and alternative security: new "missions" for stable conventional security / Thomas F. Lynch -- Technology and alternative security: a cherished myth expires / Warren F. Davis -- Law and alternative security: toward a just world peace / Burns H. Weston -- Politics and alternative security: toward a more democratic, therefore more peaceful, world / Bruce Russett -- Economics and alternative security: toward a peacekeeping international economy / Lloyd J. Dumas -- Psychology and alternative security: needs, perceptions, and misperceptions / Ralph K. White -- Religion and alternative security: a prophetic vision / William Sloane Coffin -- Toward post-nuclear global security: an overview / Robert C. Johansen.

Wheeler, John Archibald "Niels Bohr, the man." Physics Today v. 38 (Oct. '85) p. 66-72

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL SECTION ON NIELS BOHR. Niels Bohr was not only a brilliant scientist, but also a responsible citizen of the world. His colleagues remember him for the focused attention he gave them, which often took the form of conversations that resembled tennis matches. He enlivened seminars at his institute in Copenhagen by breaking in to clarify central points, preferably paradoxes, which he drew upon as the source of all progress. He is acclaimed for determining the structures of the atom and the nucleus, and for his development of the principle of complementarity, the central concept of contemporary quantum theory. He conversed with many political leaders in his work for world peace, and in 1950 he sent a letter to the United Nations that advocated "openness" between nations as a strategy for controlling nuclear weapons.

White, Charles A. "Clan chaos." Canada and the World v. 58 (Apr. '93) p. 12

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Somalia--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: It will be difficult to maintain peace in chaotic Somalia, a country of 6 million that is divided among clans. In addition to the 6 major Somalian clans, there are dozens of sub-clans, each headed by an ambitious, jealous chieftain. The United Nations and a U.S.-led coalition force have tried to bring peace, food, and humanitarian aid to the country, but chaos still prevails. An estimated 350,000 Somalis died from war, famine, and banditry last year. According to critics, the UN's actions have been too little, too late. Now, UN envoy Ismat Kittani suggests that the UN Security Council may soon approve a force of up to 20,000 soldiers for Somalia. This force, possibly the largest in UN history, might be given the authority to enforce peace. The limited nature and success of efforts by the U.S.-led coalition to establish peace and protect food supplies in Somalia are described.

White, Charles A. "Waging Peace." Canada & the World Mar 1992, v57n7, p. 10-12

ABSTRACT: The recent efforts of the UN to wage peace in El Salvador and the war-ravaged Yugoslavia are discussed.

White, Charles A. "Peace Plan Pawn." Canada & the World Dec 1988, v54n4, p. 10

ABSTRACT: Namibia, held by South Africa in defiance of the United Nations, may soon win independence.

White, Robert W.; White, Terry Falkenberg. "Repression and the liberal state." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 330-352

ABSTRACT: It is assumed that all states are repressive, and state repression in Northern Ireland, a part of the UK, is examined. Evidence suggests that the ethnic minority population in this Western democracy was more likely to suffer than was the ethnic majority population and that state repression was strongly influenced by economic conditions.

Whitehead, John C. "Afghanistan's struggle for freedom." Department of State Bulletin v. 86 (Feb. '86) p. 1-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989.

ABSTRACT: In an address before the World Affairs Council on December 13, 1985, the deputy secretary of state discusses the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the prospects for peace in the region. For the last six years, the Soviets have tried to crush the Afghan rebellion with atrocious attacks against civilians and other targets and with a campaign to erase Afghan culture. The Afghans are dedicated to regaining their freedom, however, and they will never surrender. The only hope for a lasting peace is a negotiated settlement. The United Nations and the government of Pakistan are mediating negotiations and have worked out many details of a settlement. The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan is the major issue remaining to be settled. The United States supports the negotiations and the speedy withdrawal of Soviet troops. It also urges the free nations of the world to condemn and act against Soviet cruelty in Afghanistan.

Whitney, Craig R. "NATO says alliance is unlikely to grow soon." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 2 '93) p. A9

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Eastern Europe--Defenses.

ABSTRACT: NATO diplomats say that the alliance is highly unlikely to set a target date anytime soon for admitting Poland, Hungary, or the Czech Republic as members, even though President Boris N. Yeltsin has said that Russia would not object. Expanding NATO's membership is not expected to be the most important item on NATO's January summit meeting agenda. U.S. diplomats say that more urgent issues will take priority, such as how the alliance could provide troops for peacekeeping missions in Bosnia if a settlement were ever reached in that country's war.

Whitney, Craig R. "The roar of tanks fades out where G.I.'s guarded Europe." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 11 '93) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United States.--Army--Forces in Germany.

ABSTRACT: The United States Army has begun the complex task of cutting its forces in Germany. For the units that remain, the prime mission is no longer defending Germany and the rest of Western Europe from attack by Soviet Army troops. Instead, they are training to tackle crises and to take on peacekeeping missions beyond central Europe.

Whitney, Craig R." NATO allies settle on procedures for air strikes on Serbs in Bosnia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 10 '93) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Serbia--Nationalism.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

ABSTRACT: The NATO allies have approved procedures and targets for air strikes against Bosnian Serb nationalist forces, but they postponed a specific bombing decision and confirmed that such missions would be subject to the approval of the secretary general of the United Nations. While NATO airplanes and coordination procedures with United Nations peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina are in place, the decision to launch attacks would depend on whether the Serbs tighten the noose around Sarajevo and other besieged areas and on the full agreement of all 16 allies.

Wilcox, Clyde.; Tanaka, Aiji.; Allsop, Dee. "World opinion in the Gulf crisis." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1993, v37n1, p. 69-93

ABSTRACT: The empirical claim that a world opinion existed in the Iraq/Kuwait crisis is examined. Substantial agreement among citizens of a variety of world cities was found on the interpretation of events, on affect toward the major actors and on the goals of the international community, but less agreement on the use of military force.

Wickens, Barbara. "'A casualty of Croatia'." Maclean's v. 107 (Mar. 28 '94) p. 32

KEY WORDS: Suicide--Canada.Canada--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Croatia--Nationalism.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Psychological aspects.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Delmore, Paul

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the killing of a Somali boy by Canadian peacekeeping soldiers in 1993 and the strains facing Canadian peacekeepers around the world. On September 12, Paul Delmore, a 26-year-old corporal who had served in Croatia with the 2nd Battalion of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, killed himself with his shotgun. According to his mother, for whom he had left a suicide note, Delmore's time as a UN peacekeeper in Croatia--from October 1992 to April 1993--had been traumatic, mostly because the local residents had strongly objected to the UN presence there.

Wiedemann, Kent. "Taiwan and the United Nations." US Department of State Dispatch Aug 21, 1995, v6n34, p. 653-655

ABSTRACT: The US Administration cannot support Taiwan's participation in the UN without harming its highly successful policy of the past 16 years. US support for Taiwan participation in the UN would jeopardize peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.

Wilde, Margaret D. "Recovering a future in Nicaragua." The Christian Century v. 107 (Oct. 17 '90) p. 926-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Indians of Central America--Nicaragua.Church and social problems--Nicaragua.Nicaragua--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: It will not be easy for the natives of Nicaragua's north Atlantic coast to achieve their goal of political, economic, and cultural autonomy. In 1981, some of the region's Creoles and Indian tribes formed an insurgency. In response, the Sandinista government imprisoned and harassed community leaders and relocated many native communities. In 1987, the natives accepted a law establishing two autonomous regions in the eastern half of the country, and in the 1990 elections, the coastal native party, Yatama, supported the winning UNO coalition. Native concern grew, however, when President-elect Violeta Chamorro formed a cabinet level agency for the region. Yatama leaders feared that the central government planned to use the agency to exploit the region's industry. Although long-range reconciliation has barely begun, churches on the Atlantic coast have been successful in maintaining unity and taking on a peacemaking role.

Wilde, Margaret D. "After the contra war: time for peacemaking." The Christian Century v. 104 (Jan. 21 '87) p. 45

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Nicaragua--Politics and government.United States--Foreign relations--Nicaragua.

ABSTRACT: U.S. funding for the Nicaraguan contras may end as a result of the revelations about clandestine funding on the part of the Reagan administration. This development provides an important chance to bring peace to Central America. If the economic, ethnic, and social problems facing Nicaragua are taken seriously, then other conditions of peace may fall into place.

Wilkenfeld, Jonathan. "Trigger-Response Transitions in Foreign Policy Crises, 1929-1985." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1991, v35n1, p. 143-169

ABSTRACT: The behavior-begets-behavior dynamic in the context of the interactions of states in crisis is examined. An initial finding is that crises, like the much more heavily studied conflict processes in general, exhibit a very high degree of matching behavior.

Williams, Bernard. "Is international rescue a moral issue?" Social Research Spring 1995, v62n1, p. 67-75

ABSTRACT: The moral principle behind international rescue operations is discussed. If there were to be a mechanism of intervention that expressed internationally the moral principle of rescue, then perhaps it should be answerable only to the moral consciousness of mankind.

Williams, Geoffrey Lee. "NATO's expansion : The big debate." NATO Review May 1995, v43n3, p. 9-14

ABSTRACT: NATO is currently preparing a study to analyze the impact of NATO enlargement on the effectiveness and future development of the Alliance. Many complex issues need to be addressed before expansion can take place.

Williams, Ian. "Letter from the United Nations." New Statesman & Society Apr 1, 1994, v7n296, p. 11

ABSTRACT: While the 50th anniversary of the UN's founding falls in 1995, so does the 60th anniversary of Haile Selasse's plea to the League of Nations to stop Benito Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia. The state of the UN is discussed.

Williams, John T.; McGinnis, Michael D. "The dimension of superpower rivalry." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1992, v36n1, p. 86-118

ABSTRACT: Dynamic factor analysis is used to evaluate whether an unobservable dimension of rivalry explains the dynamics exhibited by the military expenditures and diplomatic hostility of the US and the USSR. The results of this analysis question the validity of many structural equation models of dyadic interaction.

Williamson, Richard S. "The United Nations: progress in the 1980s." Department of State Bulletin v. 89 (Feb. '89) p. 68-71

KEY WORDS: United Nations.United Nations--United States.

ABSTRACT: In an address, the UN's assistant secretary for international organization affairs reviews positive changes that have taken place in the operations of the United Nations in recent years. He notes that while the world body has made important advances in human rights and implemented successful peacekeeping efforts, it has been plagued by such problems as reckless rhetoric, efforts to delegitimize Israel, a double standard in human rights, and inefficient management. He attributes improvements in these areas to firm leadership by President Reagan, increasing Third World participation, and the positive developments in U.S.-Soviet relations.

Williamson, Richard S. "The United Nations : Progress in the 1980s." Department of State Bulletin Feb 1989, v89n2143, p. 68-71

ABSTRACT: In a speech, Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs Richard S. Williamson discusses the transformation of the UN and the effect on the UN of US leadership, the constructive role of the Third World and the changing US-Soviet relationship.

Williamson, Richard S. "Developments in the UN System." Department of State Bulletin Sep 1988, v88n2138, p. 62-64

ABSTRACT: A statement by Assistant Secretary Richard S. Williamson before subcommittees of the House Foreign Affairs Committee on May 25, 1988, is presented. Williamson discusses developments in the UN. Reference.

Williamson, Richard S. "Advancing U.S. objectives in the United Nations." Department of State Bulletin v. 88 (Sept. '88) p. 67-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--United States.

ABSTRACT: In an address before the Council of Washington Representatives on the United Nations, the assistant secretary for international organization affairs discusses the UN's effectiveness in fulfilling its global mission and in advancing fundamental American values. He maintains that the UN has failed to advance peace and human rights in certain situations, but he cites examples of UN programs and policies that have proved highly successful and concludes that the UN is a valuable organization.

Williamson, Richard S. "Toward the 21st century: the future for multilateral diplomacy." Department of State Bulletin v. 88 (Dec. '88) p. 53-6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.

ABSTRACT: In an address before the annual conference of the Department of Public Information for Nongovernmental Organizations, the assistant secretary of state for international organization affairs argues that multilateral negotiations will assume increased importance as the United States becomes more aware of global interdependency. He notes that the United Nations has become an invaluable arena for multilateral diplomacy but stresses that the UN must continue its activities as a facilitator of peace rather than a force that imposes peace on individual members. He urges member nations to use all their resources to effect reform of the United Nations.

Williamson, Richard S. "The United Nations and disarmament." Department of State Bulletin v. 88 (Sept. '88) p. 65-6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--General Assembly (Special Session on Disarmament: 1988)

ABSTRACT: In a statement before Working Group II of the third UN Special Session on Disarmament in New York City, the assistant secretary for international organization affairs and U.S. alternate representative to the special session presents an overview of U.S. participation in bilateral and multilateral efforts to promote peace and security worldwide and calls on other nations to step up their respective efforts. He also offers his suggestions for improving UN efforts toward disarmament.

Wingood, Gina M.; Hunter-Gamble, Dinese.; DiClemente, Ralph J. "A pilot study of sexual communication and negotiation among young African American women : Implications for HIV prevention." Journal of Black Psychology May 1993, v19n2, p. 190-203

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted of young African American women who are sexually active as they are at high risk for contracting the HIV virus. HIV programs dealing with young African American women should emphasize training in sexual negotiation, conflict resolution, and refusal skills.

Wittkopf, Eugene R. "Faces of internationalism in a transitional environment." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1994, v38n3, p. 376-401

ABSTRACT: Evidence from opinion polls in the transitional period to a post-Cold War world indicates that the cooperative and militant faces of internationalism persist. The various aspects of internationalism are examined.

Wittmer, Jerry M.; Carnevale, Peter.; Walker, Michael E. "General Alignment and Overt Support on Biased Mediation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1991, v35n4, p. 594-610

ABSTRACT: The influence of mediators' interests and outcome recommendations on disputants' perceptions and behaviors was examined. Results indicated that disputants mistrusted favorable recommendations from unfavorably aligned mediators.

Wolfe, James H. "The U.S. and the World Court." USA Today (Periodical) v. 114 (Mar. '86) p. 9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--United States.International Court of Justice.

ABSTRACT: It is in the interest of the United States to adhere to the standards of international law. The International Court of Justice, or the World Court, is a branch of the United Nations and interprets international laws and treaties. It complements, rather than replaces, negotiation as a means of conflict resolution. When American personnel were taken hostage in Iran in 1979, the United States appealed to the World Court, even though Iran claimed that it was not bound by prior agreements. When Nicaragua accused the United States of interfering in its internal affairs in 1984, the United States took the position of the Iranian government by denying the court's jurisdiction. By doing so, the United States rejected the institution it helped to create in 1945. The policy of acknowledging the court's authority only in specific instances could be detrimental to the United States.

Wolfowitz, Paul D. "Clinton's first year." Foreign Affairs v. 73 (Jan./Feb. '94) p. 28-43

KEY WORDS: United States--Foreign relations.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Clinton, Bill

ABSTRACT: History offers 2 cautionary examples for both critics and supporters of President Clinton's first year. Like Clinton, former presidents Harry Truman and Warren Harding took office when eras of great struggle had ended, old enemies had been defeated, and the world looked safer. Truman gave a hesitant performance in his first year of foreign policy, but today, his policy of containment is widely praised. Harding, on the other hand, had a stronger start in foreign policy his first year, but it was based on illusion. His policy of retreat and isolation is now widely criticized. Whether Clinton will follow Truman or Harding's example depends on his learning the right lessons from the foreign policy problems of his first year. Discussed are the importance of deciding whether and how to commit American military forces, the need for caution in multilateralism and peacekeeping, and threats to American interests today.

Wolfson, Murray.; Puri, Anil.; Martelli, Mario. "The nonlinear dynamics of international conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1992, v36n1, p. 119-149

ABSTRACT: A nonlinear dynamic model is presented that reconciles balance-of-power and preponderance-of-power theories of international conflict in terms of the interaction of economic and political constraints. Results are discussed.

Wolfson, Murray.; Shabahang, Homa. "Economic Causation in the Breakdown of Military Equilibrium." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1991, v35n1, p. 43-67

ABSTRACT: The interdependence of economic and military power has previously been discussed in terms of the ability of a dominant power to inflict economic costs on its opponent by requiring it to allocate scarce resources to a competitive arms race. The patterns of economic development that will cause an acceleration of an arms race and increase the danger of war are examined.

Wolfsthal, Jon B. "UNSCOM outlines long-term monitoring plan for Iraq." Arms Control Today Nov 1994, v24n9, p. 29

ABSTRACT: Details of the long-term monitoring system of Iraq's military weapons were presented by UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) Chairman Rolf Ekeus to the UN Security Council on Oct 11, 1994.

Wood, Chris. "Keeping the Peace." Maclean's Aug 29, 1988, v101n36, p. 14-15

ABSTRACT: The history of Canada participation in peacekeeping forces around the world is examined. Canada is the only country that has served in every peacekeeping force assembled by the United Nations.

Wood, Kathy Sprayberry. An undying love."" Ladies' Home Journal v. 107 (Jan. '90) p. 96-8+

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Higgins, William R. Kidnapping.Higgins, Robin.

ABSTRACT: Marine officer Robin Higgins discusses the ordeal that she suffered while her husband, Marine lieutenant colonel William Higgins, was being held hostage in Lebanon. Higgins was kidnapped on February 17, 1988, while serving a one-year tour as the head of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Lebanon. On July 31, 1989, a Muslim group released a videotape showing that he had been killed.

Woodburn, Laurence T.; Simpson, Suzanne. "Employee types: who will be the next stress claimant?." Risk Management v. 41 (Feb. '94) p. 38-44

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Stress (Psychology).Workers' compensation--Adjustment of claims.Workers' compensation--Preventive work.

ABSTRACT: A prevention model is described that seeks to reduce psychological or "stress" workers' compensation claims by reframing them as inconsistencies between workers' needs and the demands of the work environment and then systematically intervening to prevent such inconsistencies from arising. To prevent stress claims, employers should provide a strong employee assistance program (EAP), use job selection and placement programs to match employee needs with workplace demands, lay out personnel policies in detail and have a structured system of personnel record keeping, clearly communicate what employees can expect from a job, use existing stress claims as information sources to help correct problematic situations within jobs, and provide supervisor training in job factors that can trigger stress, in the utilization of EAPs, and in win/win conflict resolution. A typology of workers who file stress claims is presented, and prevention methods for each worker category are outlined.

Woods, Jeanne M. "A decade for women." A decade for women.

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women.

ABSTRACT: The United Nations Decade for Women (1976 to 1985) will culminate in a world conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Under the banner of "Equality, Development and Peace," delegates will gather for the July meeting to exchange information and formulate strategies to improve the social standing of women around the globe. Black-American women leaders are particularly anxious that the views of African-American women be accurately represented at the conference. Dr. Gloria Scott, vice president of Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia, is one such leader who has worked tirelessly to help black women find an authentic social and political voice. Actress Vinie Burrows emphasizes that the advancement of women goes hand in hand with an end to racism, colonialism, apartheid, and the arms race. Addresses are included for more information.

Woollacott, Martin. "Peace in Our Time?" World Press Review Oct 1988, v35n10, p. 24

ABSTRACT: The current peace round in the world is real and it represents movement toward a consensus on international relations and the importance of economic and domestic stability in the world's bloc states. The UN's role in contemporary international relations is discussed.

Woollacott, Martin. "Peace in our time?." World Press Review v. 35 (Oct. '88) p. 24

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Peace.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the United Nations. Excerpted from London's Guardian. Negotiations toward peace in the Persian Gulf, Angola, and other areas have had less to do with the direct efforts of the United Nations than with the general thawing of relations between the superpowers. The lessons of Vietnam and Afghanistan helped the United States and the Soviet Union recognize the national and religious forces of the Third World. As the great bloc states take steps to address domestic problems, the non-Western world has begun to shed Western influence and reassert its traditions. Improved superpower relations could lead to progress in Israel and South Africa and ultimately to a comprehensive "grand settlement" among world nations.

Worthington, Peter. "There's no life like it." Saturday Night Feb 1995, v110n1, p. 13-16

ABSTRACT: Peacekeeping on the Balkan peninsula has been the most difficult UN mission yet. A survey of the peacekeeping forces, especially those of Canada, and their efforts in Bosnia is discussed.

Wright, Lawrence. "Peace (II)." Rolling Stone (Sept. 7 '89) p. 54-5+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Peace.United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union--History.

ABSTRACT: At the United Nations last December, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev outlined his vision of a world without war or nuclear weapons. Great changes in the Communist bloc have occurred since the speech, yet Washington seems almost nostalgic for the days of the Iron Curtain, the arms race, and an easily defined "Evil Empire." Even as the Soviets retreat from their empire, as Eastern Europe becomes liberalized, and as glasnost brings greater freedom and human rights to much of the Communist world, the United States stubbornly clings to its view of the Soviet Union as an expansionist aggressor that must, at all costs, be contained. For nearly five decades, the Soviets have provided Americans with the perfect foils in a world where nations have always thrived on the notion of an external threat. Gorbachev's vision of global peace has undermined that mindset, however, and much of Washington is scared of the prospect of peace.

Wright, Robin. "Amid the ruins, signs of optimism." Maclean's v. 97 (Oct. 8 '84) p. 25

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Middle East--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The latest attack on the U.S. Embassy annex in East Beirut renewed antagonism in the area but also encouraged faint overtures of peace. U.S. assistant secretary of state for near eastern affairs Richard Murphy, in Beirut to review the damage, offered Lebanese Prime Minister Rashid Karami continued U.S. support, and subsequent stopovers in Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria revived the possibility of a U.S. peacemaking role in the region. Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres announced plans to withdraw Israeli troops from southern Lebanon, and Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli foreign minister, conceded that Syria need not simultaneously withdraw its troops from east Lebanon. But these developments are not guarantees that progress will be made. Jordan's move to reestablish diplomatic relations with Egypt has alienated Syria, which hopes to replace Egypt as Arab leader. Animosities in the Middle East continue to simmer and could sabotage U.S. diplomatic overtures.

Wright, Robert. "TRB from Washington : Who lost Bosnia?" New Republic May 29, 1995, v212n22, p. 6

ABSTRACT: Wright discusses several people who have, either directly or indirectly, impeded the US and UN from stopping the Bosnian civil war: Robert McNamara, Bourtos Boutros-Ghali, George Bush and Gen Michael Rose.

Wright, Robert. "TRB from Washington : United we stand." New Republic Oct 30, 1995, v231n18, p. 4

ABSTRACT: With the end of the Cold War and the coming of microelectronic weaponry, UN-mediated collective security is more plausible than ever. It is still important for the US to support the evolution of the US.

Wu, Jianzhong.; Axelrod, Robert. "How to cope with noise in the iterated prisoner's dilemma." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1995, v39n1, p. 183-189

ABSTRACT: Noise in the form of random errors in implementing a choice is a common problem in real-world interactions. Recent research has identified three approaches to coping with noise: adding generosity to a reciprocating strategy; adding contrition to a reciprocating strategy; and using an entirely different strategy.

Wu, Samuel S G. "To attack or not to attack : A theory and empirical assessment of extended immediate deterrence." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1990, v34n3, p. 531-552

ABSTRACT: Specific theoretical conditions for the success or failure of extended immediate deterrence (EID) are identified based on assumptions about rational action.

Wurst, Jim. "Mozambique : Peace and more." World Policy Journal Fall 1994, v11n3, p. 78-82

ABSTRACT: One of the largest UN operations ever in Africa involves returning some 1.7 million Mozambicans who had fled a bloody civil war back to their country. The three-year, $203 million peace plan is discussed.

Wurst, Jim. "A Man, a Plan, Now What?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Sep 1992, v48n7, p. 9-11

ABSTRACT: A sweeping plan to deal with international problems of war and peace proposed by UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, in which Boutros-Ghali deals with security issues such as preventative diplomacy and the use of military force for peace-building, is discussed. It is asserted that implicit in the proposal is the expansion of Security Council powers.

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Xiao Yu. "China and UN peace-keeping operations." Beijing Review Oct 2, 1995, v38n40, p. 16-19

ABSTRACT: China officially became a member of the UN's Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations in 1988. The origins of China's involvement in the UN's peacekeeping operations are discussed.

Xiao Yu. "China and UN peace-keeping operations." Beijing Review Oct 2, 1995, v38n40, p. 16-19

ABSTRACT: China officially became a member of the UN's Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations in 1988. The origins of China's involvement in the UN's peacekeeping operations are discussed.

Xin Zhou. "For Peaceful Settlement of Gulf Crisis." Beijing Review Mar 4, 1991, v34n9, p. 12

ABSTRACT: Li Daoyu, China's permanent representative to the UN, has proposed five elements for the peaceful resolution of the Persian Gulf crisis. Li's five proposals are presented, and China's position in the conflict is discussed.

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Yamamura, Norio.; Higashi, Masahiko. "An Evolutionary Theory of Conflict Resolution Between Relatives : Altruism, Manipulation, Compromise." Evolution Aug 1992, v46n4, p. 1236-1239

ABSTRACT: Compromise solutions are shown to evolve by the incorporation of conflict costs into the fitness of the actors. Altruistic behavior can evolve under certain conditions.

Yang Zheng. "FWCW starts with hope and zeal." Beijing Review Sep 18, 1995, v38n38, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: The theme of the UN's Fourth World Conference on Women was development and peace with a sub-theme of health, education and employment. The conference is discussed.

Yarborough, Mary Helen. "Use peer review for conflict resolution." HR Focus Oct 1994, v71n10, p. 21

ABSTRACT: A survey of 143 employers found that using a peer review program for conflict resolution reduced outside agency charges by 40%. The guidelines for instituting a peer review program for conflict resolutions are presented.

Yehuda, Hemda Agid-Ben.; Auerbach, Yehudit. "Attitudes to an Existence Conflict : Allon and Peres on the Palestinian Issue, 1967-1987." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1991, v35n3, p. 519-546

ABSTRACT: Patterns of continuity and change in attitudes within an existence conflict are applied to the attitudes of two Israeli leaders, Yigal Allon and Shimon Peres, concerning the Palestinian issue.

Yeltsin, Boris. "Russia's main interest is stability in Europe and Asia." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 22, 1995, v47n43, p. 4-5

ABSTRACT: The role of the UN is important for the peace negotiations regarding Bosnia-Hercegovina. Russia is interested in sustaining peace and stability in Europe and Asia.

Yeltsin, Boris. "Bosnian Serbs seen as betraying Russia's trust." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press May 18, 1994, v46n16, p. 5

ABSTRACT: The Bosnian Serbs must stop their attacks and withdraw from Gorazde Bosnia, ensure conditions for bringing in UN forces and lift the restrictions on UN personnel in Bosnia-Hercegovina. A Russia-US-European Union summit to solve the crisis is proposed.

Yeltsin, Boris. "50th anniversary of the United Nations - Boris Yeltsin." Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 15, 1995, v62n3, p. 70-71

ABSTRACT: Only the UN will be able to realize the perennial dream of a world without wars and violence, of a world where controversial issues are settled through negotiation and of a world worthy of its human being and mankind. Today, the world needs the respect of identity of each state and the understanding of the peculiarity of its history.

Yermolovich, Nikolai. "Europe." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 16, 1993, v45n20, p. 21

ABSTRACT: In a recent referendum, an overwhelming majority of Bosnian Serbs rejected the Vance-Owen peace plan, which stifles efforts of the world community to settle the Yugoslav civil war. Russia has called for a meeting of foreign ministers of the UN Security Council member countries to discuss the implementation of a peace plan for Bosnia.

Yeltsin, Boris. "50th anniversary of the United Nations - Boris Yeltsin." Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 15, 1995, v62n3, p. 70-71

Yermolovich, Nikolai. "Europe." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 16, 1993, v45n20, p. 21

Yoachum, Susan. "Interview with Susan Yoachum of the San Francisco Chronicle in Pine Bluff, Arkansas." Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Jul 3, 1995, v31n26, p. 1123-1127

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Pres Clinton outlines several ways for the UN to reconstitute itself in the next 50 years on the occasion of the UN's 50th anniversary and discusses the difficulties of the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia, criticism of the US' involvement in the UN and the US military base closings process.

Yogev, Abraham.; Ben-Yehoshua, Naama Sabar.; Alper, Yael. "Determinants of Readiness for Contact with Jewish Children Among Young Arab Students in Israel." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1991, v35n3, p. 547-562

ABSTRACT: A survey of 268 seventh grade Arab students in seven segregated and mixed Jewish-Arab communities in Israel indicated that their perceptions of Jews and their own deprivation are determined by their political self-identity rather than by earlier contact with Jews.

Yusin, Maksim. "War between the U.N. and the Bosnian Serbs could start at any minute." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 21, 1995, v47n21, p. 6

ABSTRACT: The events of the past two days in Bosnia-Hercegovina have confirmed people's worst fears--that the situation is getting totally out of the politicians' control and that the UN peacekeeping forces are gradually being drawn into a war with the Bosnian Serbs.

Yusin, Maksim. "West not prepared for ground war with Serbs." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 28, 1995, v47n22, p. 26-27

ABSTRACT: Western countries are not in agreement on how to deal with the civil war in Bosnia-Hercegovina. The command of the UN forces and the North Atlantic alliance does not know what to do if the Serbs continue to refuse to make concessions despite ongoing threats.

Yusin, M. "USSR presses gulf peace initiative." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Mar 20, 1991, v43n7, p. 5

ABSTRACT: USSR envoy Yevgeny Primakov spoke of a "ray of hope" upon returning to the USSR after talking with Saddam Hussein about the Persian Gulf peace initiative. The USSR was pressing Iraq to comply with UN demands.

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Zada, John. "United Nations financing problems and the new generation of peacekeeping and peace enforcement." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jan 1994, v23n1, p. 12

ABSTRACT: The new magazine "The Brown Journal of Foreign Affairs" is discussed. The journal is a student-run, non-profit publication that offers a wide collection of articles on various issues in the study of international relations.

Zartman, I William. "Conflict and Resolution : Contest, Cost, and Change." Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science Nov 1991, v518, p. 11-22

ABSTRACT: Three ways in which regional conflicts can be classified and the subsequent solutions for each kind of conflict are discussed. As the Persian Gulf crisis indicates, it is time for these various efforts to turn the conflict into reduction and resolution before hostilities escalate.

Zemin, Jiang. "50th anniversary of the United Nations - Jiang Zemin." Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 15, 1995, v62n3, p. 71-74

ABSTRACT: The 50th anniversary of the UN is commemorated as the widely representative and AUTHORitative intergovernmental organization of this age. Views on how to turn the lofty missions of the UN into reality are expressed.

Zhao Zhangyun. "Peaceful settlement in Western Sahara urged." Beijing Review Mar 22, 1993, v36n12, p. 12

ABSTRACT: The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 809 on Mar 2, 1993 which urges Morocco and the Polisario Front to cooperate in a peaceful settlement in Western Sahara. The Western Sahara conflict is discussed.

Zhdannikov, Dmitry. "The Baltics." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Oct 12, 1994, v46n37, p. 23

ABSTRACT: In Riga Latvia, the Prime Ministers of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia signed an agreement to create a Baltic peacekeeping battalion that will operate in accordance with the mandates of the UN and the framework of NATO.

Zibbell, Robert A. "A short-term, small-group education and counseling program for separated and divorced parents in conflict." Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 1992, v18n1-2, p. 189-203

ABSTRACT: A project that was designed to experiment with a small-group educational and skills training approach to divorce education and conflict resolution is discussed. The results showed that the group's attitudes toward parental cooperation improved, while their self-reported behavior also improved.

Zimmermann, Tim.; Lawrence, Susan V.; Gibb, Tom. "The U.N. to the Rescue." US News & World Report May 18, 1992, v112n19, p. 52-55

ABSTRACT: Since 1988, the UN Security Council has authorized 12 new peacekeeping missions, as many as it had in the previous 43 years of its existence. However, enthusiam for peacekeeping missions is fast outpacing the UN's ability to pay for them. UN peacekeeping missions in Cambodia and El Salvador are detailed.

Zimmermann, Tim. "Hostages of the Balkans." US News & World Report Jun 5, 1995, v118n22, p. 40

ABSTRACT: The Bosnian Serbs' rounding up of UN military observers as hostages to cool NATO's airstrike ardor will hasten the choice by the international community of whether to get tough or get out. The problem of freeing the hostages is discussed.

Zimmermann, Tim. "Negotiating on three fronts." US News & World Report Oct 23, 1995, v119n16, p. 45

ABSTRACT: The US is negotiating with Russia on its role in the peacekeeping effort in Bosnia. The Clinton Administration is also keeping an eye on Congress as planning of the combat force to police the peace agreement proceeds.

Zimmermann, Tim.; Power, Samantha. "Taking sides in Bosnia." US News & World Report Aug 7, 1995, v119n6, p. 22-24

ABSTRACT: Sixty-nine senators from both parties have defied Pres Clinton and are pushing a bill that would lift the arms embargo against the Bosnian government. Specifics of the bill and how it will influence US foreign policy are examined, as is the possibility that UN forces may become embroiled militarily in the war.

Zimmerman, Tim. " Words come easily, deeds can be risky." U.S. News & World Report v. 115 (Sept. 27 '93) p. 60

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States--Foreign relations.

ABSTRACT: The Clinton administration needs more than words to get its foreign policy on track. At the recent Israeli-PLO peacemaking ceremony in Washington, Clinton skillfully urged Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO chairman Yassir Arafat toward their historic handshake and eloquently spoke about what had been achieved. Despite this success, Clinton and his foreign policy advisers are still faced with a host of other foreign policy problems--particularly Somalia, Bosnia,and Russia--and a new set of compelling Middle East obligations. Stung by recent criticism about the administration's foreign policy actions, Clinton's top foreign policy advisers are working to define themes and ideas that will better explain America's role in the world. Policy makers and speech writers are discovering, however, that the issues are so complex and difficult to define that few expect words to end the confusion about Clinton's foreign policy goals and strategies.

Zintl, Robert T. "Brief encounters." Time v. 125 (May 20 '85) p. 40

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Middle East--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The sensitive political climate in the Middle East has complicated the objectives of U.S. secretary of state George Shultz's visit to the region. Originally planning a visit to Israel's Holocause memorial, Shultz found on arriving that he would also have to convince Israel, Jordan, and Egypt of the United States' continued support of peacemaking efforts among the three. Another unscheduled priority was placating Israel's indignation over President Reagan's visit to the military cemetery in Bitburg, West Germany. From Israel, Shultz traveled to Cairo to confer with Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and later to Aqaba to meet with Jordan's King Hussein. President Hafez Assad of Syria accuses the United States of favoring Israel and has protested that negotiations must take place only through a United Nations international conference. Meanwhile, the Syrians are determined to put an end to the Lebanese civil war and to play a role in the fate of that nation.

Zisk, Kimberly Marten. "Soviet academic theories on international conflict and negotiation : A research note." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 678-693

ABSTRACT: The emerging Soviet academic consensus about the need for joint, peaceful solutions to international environmental and security problems is summarized, and five theoretical approaches taken by Soviet scholars to the problem of international conflict resolution are discussed.

Zoglin, Richard, reviewer. "<Amerika (television program review)>." Time v. 129 (Feb. 9 '87) p. 72-3

KEY WORDS: Television program reviews--Single works.

ABSTRACT: ABC-TV's upcoming mini-series, Amerika, has incited possibly the biggest avalanche of protest against any program in television history. The $40 million, 141/2-hour epic, which cost nearly $40 million to make, depicts life in the United States as it might be under the domination of the Soviet Union. The show's largest advertiser, Chrysler Corporation, has announced that it will withdraw all 36 of its 30-second ads from the program. Meanwhile, the United Nations has criticized the show's producers for portraying UN peacekeeping forces as brutal oppressors. The furor over the program overshadows the fact that Amerika is a challenging and skillfully woven drama. Amerika, which stars Kris Kristofferson, Robert Urich, and Sam Neill, is a thought-provoking series in marked contrast to the bland programming usually served up by the networks.

Zoglin, Richard. "Amerika the controversial." Time v. 129 (Feb. 9 '87) p. 72-3

KEY WORDS: American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.Soviet Union in television.Television and politics.

Zubek, Josephine M.; Pruitt, Dean G. "Disputant and Mediator Behaviors Affecting Short-Term Success in Mediation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1992, v36n3, p. 546-572

ABSTRACT: The antecedents of short-term success in mediation are examined by observing 73 hearings at two community dispute resolution centers in New York State. Results, which show that satisfaction with the hearing increased with disputants' involvement in a continuing relationship, are discussed.

Zuckerman, Mortimer B. "Toward Peace in the Mideast."

US News & World Report Aug 10, 1992, v113n6, p. 80 (1 pages)

ABSTRACT: Yitzhak Rabin, as the newly elected prime minister of Israel, will have the chance to give back to the Arabs the territories Israel took during the Six-Day War of 1967. The shift from confrontation to conflict resolution is discussed in an editorial.

Zuehlke, Mark. "Ordeal in Bosnia." Canada & the World Sep 1993, v59n1, p. 16-17

ABSTRACT: Developing a workable peace plan that won't escalate the slaughter in the Balkans has proven a near impossible task for the world community. UN arms sanctions have been effective, but economic sanctions have not.

Zuehlke, Mark. "Ordeal in Bosnia." Canada & the World Sep 1993, v59n1, p. 16-17
ABSTRACT: Developing a workable peace plan that won't escalate the slaughter in the Balkans has proven a near impossible task for the world community. UN arms sanctions have been effective, but economic sanctions have not.

Zunes, Stephen. "Algeria, the Maghreb Union, and the Western Sahara stalemate." Arab Studies Quarterly Summer 1995, v17n3, p. 23-36

ABSTRACT: Zunes examines the irresolution of the Western Sahara conflict from a regional perspective. After a brief overview of perspectives from the broader Arab World, Zunes shows how the formation of the Arab Maghreb Union and the internal crisis in Algeria has contributed to Morocco's apparent ability to sidestep its obligations under the Western Sahara peace agreement and successive United Nations Security Council resolutions.

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