Jespersen, David M. “Coalition logistics in Somalia.” Marine Corps Gazette Apr 1994, v78n4, p. 32-34

Jespersen, David M. "Coalition logistics in Somalia." Marine Corps Gazette Apr 1994, v78n4, p. 32-34

ABSTRACT: Providing logistics support for all the military forces, transnational organizations and diplomats that descend upon a peacekeeping operation is tough. The US's logistical operations in Somalia are outlined.

Jacchia, Enrico. "Operation Restore Hope : Milan." World Press Review Jan 1993, v40n1, p. 6

ABSTRACT: The question of who will govern Somalia once the civil strife is over is pondered. It seems that the UN's goal is to impose military peace in Somalia, and that Secy-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali is trying to renew prestige in the UN.

Jacchia, Enrico. "Operation Restore Hope : Milan." World Press Review Jan 1993, v40n1, p. 6

Jackson, James O. "Dancing at the brink." Time Mar 20, 1995, v145n11, p. 55

ABSTRACT: Croatian President Franjo Tudjman has said that the 12,000 UN peacekeepers patrolling the cease-fire line along the Serb-occupied Croatian region of Krajina must leave the country beginning Mar 31, 1995. The move threatens to plunge the former Yugoslavia into all-out war.

Jackson, John J. "Hippos in the Juba : An AAV company in Somalia." Marine Corps Gazette Mar 1994, v78n3, p. 44-49

ABSTRACT: Marines are likely to experience a variety of missions whenever they engage in peacekeeping/peacemaking operations. The experiences of one assault amphibian company in deploying to Somalia are detailed.

Jackson, Richard. "Cambodia and Somalia--The New Zealand experience : Kiwis at work in Cambodia." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 9-10

ABSTRACT: The contribution of the New Zealand contingent to the UN Transition AUTHORity in Cambodia is described. Almost a dozen New Zealand citizens and police monitored the polling stations during the democratic elections in Cambodia.

Jamali, Mohammed Fadhel. "A moral pact." International Journal on World Peace Sep 1994, v11n3, p. 5-13

ABSTRACT: Jamili shares his ideas on the achievements of the UN, which will be 50 years old in 1995, on the failures of the UN, and on reconstructing the UN.

James, Alan. "The role of the United Nations." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jan 1993, v22n1, p. 5-7

ABSTRACT: For the time being, peacekeeping should remain the UN's primary role in maintaining international peace. Any attempt to extend this role to include peacemaking would be a mistake.

James, Alan. "The UN Force in Cyprus." International Affairs Summer 1989, v65n3, p. 481-500

ABSTRACT: The UN's Force in Cyprus has not brought about a settlement of the problem that brought about its creation. However, the force has maintained calm, and this in itself may justify the force's occupation of Cyprus.

James, Alan. "The role of the United Nations." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jan 1993, v22n1, p. 5-7

ABSTRACT: For the time being, peacekeeping should remain the UN's primary role in maintaining international peace. Any attempt to extend this role to include peacemaking would be a mistake.

James, Colin. "Too much of a good thing." Far Eastern Economic Review May 27, 1993, v156n21, p. 24

ABSTRACT: UN peacekeeping operations in New Zealand are threatening to absorb an uncomfortably large share of the country's defense resources. The nation's dedication to peace may cause it to spend more on war.

James, Patrick.; Oneal, John R. "The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1991, v35n2, p. 307-332

ABSTRACT: The argument that domestic and political factors are more influential on the president's decision to use military force than characteristics of the international environment is re-examined. A measure of the severity of ongoing crises is seen as a better indicator of presidential behavior.

Jasse, Richard L. "Great Britain and Palestine towards the United Nations." Middle Eastern Studies Jul 1994, v30n3, p. 558-578

ABSTRACT: The UK's role in reconciling the Arabs and Jews of Palestine in the mid-20th century is examined. Maintenance of influence in the Middle East was a major objective of British policy.

Javetski, Bill. "Why a wider war in Bosnia would reap the whirlwind." Business Week (Industrial/Technology Edition) Jun 19, 1995, n3429, p. 61

ABSTRACT: Deploying 10,000 British, French, and Dutch troops to Bosnia could increase the risk of a wider conflict, with more Western casualties. The Europeans are increasingly tempted to battle the Serbs.

Jehl, Douglas. "A more forthright stand by an embarrassed U.S. set the stage for air strikes." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 11 '94) p. A6

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Gorazde (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1992- .Serbia--Nationalism.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.

ABSTRACT: (April 10) Today's NATO air strikes against Serbian positions in Bosnia came 4 days after advisers to President Clinton resolved a dispute over the use of force and paved the way for the UN to request the attack. Seeking to end the controversy over embarrassing and often conflicting statements by U.S. officials, the administration decided that the U.S. would regard a further Serbian advance on Gorazde as a threat to UN peacekeeping troops there. By portraying the Serbian attacks as a danger to UN forces, British Lieut. Gen. Sir Michael Rose was able to effectively guarantee prompt approval of his request for NATO air strikes.

Jehl, Douglas. "U.S. is showing a new caution on U.N. peacekeeping missions." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (May 18 '94) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Rwanda.United Nations--United States.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- .Rwanda--Foreign relations--United States.United States--Foreign relations--Rwanda.

ABSTRACT: (May 17) Clinton Administration officials said today that the United States's refusal to authorize the immediate dispatch of 5,500 United Nations troops to Rwanda reflects a new caution from an administration now determined to prevent U.N. peacekeeping missions that it views as unwise. After a year of setbacks for the U.N. in Somalia and other trouble spots, the organization must be prevented from overreaching in Rwanda and risking what credibility it retains, the officials said.

Jehl, Douglas. "G.I.'s pinned down in Somalia, not able, for most part, to patrol." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 13 '93) p. A10

KEY WORDS: Somalia--Civil War, 1991- .United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.

ABSTRACT: Opposition forces loyal to Somali warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid recently attacked 2 strongpoints controlled by Pakistani peacekeeping troops. The attacks have led U.S. and UN military officials to remark that Mogadishu is anything but secure. Meanwhile, a body believed to be that of the 18th American soldier killed by General Aidid's militia in an Oct. 3 battle with U.S. forces has been handed over to American officials.

Jehl, Douglas. "Mogadishu tense as rival clan fighting subsides." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 27 '93) p. A6

KEY WORDS: Somalia--Civil War, 1991- .

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Aidid, Mohammed Farah.

ABSTRACT: (Oct. 26) Intense fighting between the rival Somali clans of Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid and Mohammed Ali Mahdi subsided this evening, but the capital of Mogadishu remained tense after 30 hours of violence that reflected a new willingness by peacekeeping forces to let civil unrest in Somalia run its course. The episode, in which at least 17 Somalis were killed, made obvious just how limited a role the U.S. intends to play here before pulling out its troops on March 31.

Jehl, Douglas. "U.N. envoy determined to disarm Somali factions." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 17 '93) p. 12 (Sec 1)

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: Adm. Jonathan Howe, United Nations special envoy in Somalia, believes that the demand that the leaders of Somalia's warring factions surrender their heavy weapons should not be set aside now that an uneasy ceasefire has been reached. The demand has been a main point of friction in the dispute between the UN and Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid, who has been blamed for attacks on UN peacekeepers.

Jencks, Christopher. "Lessons for liberals." The New York Review of Books v. 35 (Dec. 22 '88) p. 21-2

KEY WORDS: Liberalism.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the 1988 presidential race. As long as social issues remain at the center of the televised political stage, no northern Democrat is likely to win a presidential election. Democratic candidates for Congress have managed to win elections because most congressional districts are relatively homogeneous. Democrats who run for Congress are therefore able to tailor their stance on social issues to local preferences. If presidential candidates take liberal positions on social issues, however, they risk estranging the white South, while if they take conservative positions, they risk estranging the educated liberals who help fund their campaigns. So far, Republican presidents have managed to juggle peacekeeping with economic management. If the Reagan economic bubble bursts, however, the focus of the next campaign will be on the economy, giving the Democrats a platform on which they could win.

Jenkins, Bruce S. "The essential quest." Vital Speeches of the Day v. 57 (Dec. 1 '90) p. 98-100

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.

ABSTRACT: In an address at Highland High School in Highland, Utah, the chief judge for the United States District Court, District of Utah, discusses the 45th anniversary of the UN: It is important to celebrate and honor the fundamental values of the UN. These values include maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation in solving problems, and harmonizing the efforts of nations to achieve these goals. Today, the UN shows a new and refreshing degree of unity, and it faces the opportunity to fortify the rule of law internationally. The rule of law impels obedience and acquiescence because it grows from a faith in the process and from a respect for rational methods of resolving disputes.

Jenkins, Paul.; Harriman, Ed. "The price of justice." World Press Review v. 40 (May '93) p. 37

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Atrocities.

ABSTRACT: An article excerpted from the Guardian news service of London. A UN commission based in Geneva is investigating alleged war crimes in the former Yugoslavia, but its work is being impeded by lack of sufficient funds. Members of the commission's volunteer staff suspect that the underfunding is deliberate. They fear that their work is being used to hide UN inaction on the Yugoslavian civil war and that the UN may grant war criminals immunity from prosecution in exchange for a peace agreement.

Jennar, Raoul. "Blueprint for More Conflict." Far Eastern Economic Review May 9, 1991, v151n19, p. 26-28

ABSTRACT: In an ambitious peace initiative, the five permanent members of the UN Security Council have sponsored a draft Comprehensive Political Settlement Agreement aimed at ending 20 years of civil war in Cambodia. The possibilities for peace in the country are discussed.

Jervis, Robert and Seweryn Bialer. Soviet-American relations after the cold war. Durham : Duke University Press, c1991.

SUBJECTS:United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union. Soviet Union--Foreign relations--United States. United States--Foreign relations--1989-1993. Soviet Union--Foreign relations--1985-1991.

CONTENTS:Will the new world be better? / Robert Jervis -- American reactions to the USSR : public opinion / Ole R. Holsti -- American reactions to changes in the USSR / Robert Dallek -- Do the changes within the Soviet Union provide a basis for eased Soviet-American relations? : A skeptical view / Colin S. Gray -- Reform, democratization, and Soviet foreign policy / William Zimmerman -- Is socialism dead? / Seweryn Bialer -- The Soviet-U.S. relationship and the Third World / Harold H. Saunders -- The Soviet opening to nonprovocative defense / George H. Quester -- East and West in Eastern Europe / Charles Gati -- Soviet policy in East Asia : the quest for constructive engagement / Donald S. Zagoria -- Rights, rituals, and Soviet-American relations / Alexander J. Motyl. The UN rediscovered : Soviet and American policy in the United Nations of the 1990s / Toby Trister Gati -- Environmental protection and Soviet-American relations / Glenn E. Schweitzer -- America's strategic immunity : the basis of a national security strategy / Eric A. Nordlinger -- Taking peace seriously : two proposals / John Mueller -- Averting anarchy in the New Europe / Jack Snyder.

Jiang Zemin. "Let us work together for a better world." Beijing Review Nov 6, 1995, v38n45, p. 19-22

ABSTRACT: The UN has contributed greatly to realizing international security and peace since its inception 50 years ago. The experiences and lessons of the last 50 years provide an opportunity to turn the UN's lofty missions into reality.

Johansen, Robert C. "Japan as a military power?" Christian Century May 5, 1993, v110n15, p. 476-477

ABSTRACT: The proposal to recommend the enlargement of Japanese military capabilities is unwise because it undermines the UN's contribution to world peace and a peaceful element of Japanese foreign policy. The need for the UN to solicit Japanese volunteers to serve in UN peacekeeping endeavors is discussed.

Johansen, Robert C. "Japan as a military power?." The Christian Century v. 110 (May 5 '93) p. 477-8

KEY WORDS: Japan--Military policy.Japan--Foreign relations.

ABSTRACT: The U.S. and UN secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali have made a mistake in urging Japanese officials to evade or abolish the constitutional restrictions that prevent Japan from deploying military forces overseas. Boutros-Ghali claims that he is seeking to enlarge the number of countries for the UN's peacekeeping operations and to strengthen Japan's claim to a permanent Security Council seat. The U.S. would like Japan to become a greater military power to alleviate the burden on U.S. forces in Asia. However, to propose enlargement of Japan's military capabilities undermines both the UN's commitment to world peace and an inherently peaceful element of Japan's foreign policy, which is supported by its neighbors. By recommending such a policy, the U.S. and UN unintentionally encourage militaristic elements in Japanese society.

Johnson, Boris. "The importance of peacekeeping missions to the survival of the Army." Spectator Jun 3, 1995, v274n8708, p. 6 m

ABSTRACT: Johnson says that the main reason the UK is involved in Bosnian peacekeeping is to justify spending huge sums of money on the UK Army.

Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Roger T. "Why violence prevention programs don't work--And what does." Educational Leadership Feb 1995, v52n5, p. 63-68

ABSTRACT: Six principles for students to learn to manage conflicts constructively without physical or verbal violence are discussed. The first principle states that schools must go beyond violence prevention to conflict resolution training.

Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Roger.; Dudley, Bruce.; Acikgoz, Kamile.," Effects of conflict resolution training on elementary school students." Journal of Social Psychology Dec 1994, v134n6, p. 803-817

ABSTRACT: A peer-mediation training program was conducted in four classrooms in a suburban, middle-class US elementary school. The training program was successful in teaching negotiation and mediation procedures and skills.

Jones, L. Gregory. "Taking time for the Spirit." The Christian Century v. 109 (Apr. 29 '92) p. 451

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Holy Spirit.Conflict resolution.

ABSTRACT: Reflections on Acts 15:1-2, 22-29; John 14:23-29; and Revelation 21:10, 22-27. The readings provide examples of the work of the Holy Spirit in conflict resolution.

Jones, Peter. "Technology and Peacekeeping." Peacekeeping & International Relations Nov 1992, v21n6, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: It is argued that under certain circumstances technologies can make a significant contribution to peacekeeping. Improved surveillance technologies can help detect incursions into sensitive areas with greater accuracy, but the UN must not rely solely upon this type of activity.

Jonson, Lena. Peacekeeping and the role of Russia in Eurasia. United States Westview Pr HarperCollins 1996

CONTENTS:1. Russia and Peacekeeping in Eurasia / Lena Jonson and Clive Archer -- 2. The Military Background and Context to Russian Peacekeeping / Roy Allison -- 3. The Russian Domestic Debate on Policy Towards the "Near Abroad" / Alexander A. Pikayev -- 4. The Influence of the Balkan Crisis on Russia's Peacekeeping in Its "Near Abroad" / Pavel Baev -- 5. The Case of Tajikistan / Iver B. Neumann and Sergei Solodovnik -- 6. The Case of Transdniestr (Moldova) / Jeff Chinn -- 7. The Case of Abkhazia (Georgia) / Catherine Dale -- 8. The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan) / Dimitry Furman and Carl Johan Asenius -- 9. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) / Anna Kreikemeyer and Andrei V. Zagorski -- 10. The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) / Piotr Switalski and Ingrid Tersman -- 11. The United Nations (UN) / Paul Taylor and Karen Smith -- 12. NATO, NACC and the Partnership for Peace / Nelson Drew.

ISBN0813389585 :

Jonson, Lena. Peacekeeping and the role of Russia in Eurasia. United States Westview Pr HarperCollins 1996

Jordan, Donald L.; Page, Benjamin I. "Shaping Foreign Policy Opinions : The Role of TV News." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1992, v36n2, p. 227-241

ABSTRACT: A study measured the connections between public opinion and US foreign policy-making and assessed the impact of TV news broadcasts on public opinion. The results showed that the process of shaping opinion on foreign policy doesn't differ substantially from that affecting domestic policy preferences.

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Kagan, Robert. "Mission possible." Weekly Standard Sep 18, 1995, v1n1, p. 22-24

ABSTRACT: The NATO air strike which attacked the Bosnian Serb army was successful and could actually help push the war towards some conclusion. Some Americans seem to believe that a tactile use of forces will do no good in solving the world's problems, but Kagan believes it can, at least, help.

Kaloudis, George. "Could the United Nations preserve international peace?" International Journal on World Peace Jun 1993, v10n2, p. 47-52

ABSTRACT: The survival of the UN and its ability to fulfill its mission seem to be very important in the modern unstable international system. The criticisms directed toward the UN, its changing role and suggestions for making it more effective are presented.

Kaloudis, George. "Could the United Nations preserve international peace?" International Journal on World Peace Jun 1993, v10n2, p. 47-52

Kalashnikova, Natalya.; Dymarsky, Vitaly. "Boris Yeltsin's foreign trip : 'Go-for-broke' diplomacy but there's nothing to ante up."

Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 22, 1995, v47n43, p. 23-24

ABSTRACT: Both Russia and France feel left out concerning NATO's expansion and the peace process in Bosnia-Hercegovina. In a meeting, Yeltsin and Jacques Chirac discussed all-European security, NATO expansion, and Russian forces in the Bosnian peacekeeping mission.

Kaldor, Mary. "Bosnia : The problem for peace activists." Progressive Sep 1995, v59n9, p. 18-21

ABSTRACT: Kaldor criticizes the UN's policies in Bosnia, which have adhered to outdated ideas about the role of peacekeeping forces. The UN must take decisive action and protect all of its safe havens.

Kallscheuer, Otto. '"And who is my neighbor?" : Moral sentiments, proximity, humanity.' Social Research Spring 1995, v62n1, p. 99-127

ABSTRACT: The biblical story of the good Samaritan is examined in light of international intervention in African nations. Many people still question the notion of who constitutes a neighbor and what is the moral obligation.

Kamath, M. V. "The politics of resentment." World Press Review v. 35 (Oct. '88) p. 19-20

KEY WORDS: United Nations--United States.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the United Nations. Excerpted from Bombay's Indian Post. The United States' refusal to help fund the United Nations, based on its anger over its diminishing power within the organization, has endangered the existence of the world peacekeeping body. Until 1960, when a host of Third World nations became members, the Western powers and their allies dominated the organization. U.S. demands for weighted voting have been denied. In retaliation, America has downgraded its representation and withdrawn from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Most recently, Congress denied the UN some of its legally due contributions, asserting that the UN must show "progress" in meeting the demands of a previously signed agreement calling for UN staff reductions, budgets reached by consensus, and long-term contracts for Soviet staff members.

Kanwisher, Nancy. "Cognitive heuristics and American security policy." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1989, v33n4, p. 652-675

ABSTRACT: It is argued that certain political misconceptions resist counterargument because they are reinforced by "cognitive heuristics." Cognitive heuristics are particular reasoning shortcuts.

Karasin, Grigory. "Is there a secret memorandum between the U.N. and NATO?" Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Oct 11, 1995, v47n37, p. 15-16

ABSTRACT: Karasin comments on whether there is a secret memorandum between the UN and NATO regarding the Bosnian crisis. NATO may be using Bosnia as the forum in which to show its new international power.

Karl, Terry Lynn. "El Salvador's negotiated revolution." Foreign Affairs v. 71 (Spring '92) p. 147-64

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front.United Nations--El Salvador.El Salvador--Civil War, 1980-1992--Peace and mediation.United States--Foreign relations--El Salvador.

ABSTRACT: El Salvador's success in negotiating an end to 12 years of civil war may be an important model for conflict resolution in a post-cold war world. The war's end, marked by the signing of a peace treaty by President Alfredo Cristiani and the rebel Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, was made possible by several factors: a military stalemate, increased flexibility on both sides brought about by momentous events in El Salvador and the world, the presence of a respected neutral arbiter in the UN, and a gradual shift in U.S. foreign policy away from the military-based strategy of the Reagan years toward support for a negotiated solution. El Salvador's success demonstrates that the deliberate underutilization of power in regional conflicts can be most conducive to peace, that regular elections alone will not guarantee democracy, and that multilateralism, especially under the auspices of an international organization, is more conducive to settlements than unilateralism.

Karns, Margaret P.; Mingst, Karen A. "Peacekeeping Efforts : Some Fly, Some Flop." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists May 1990, v46n4, p. 43-47

ABSTRACT: When Mikhail Gorbachev called for a broader use of UN peacekeeping forces, it became possible for the Security Council to mediate several regional disputes. The potential and the limitations of UN forces are noted.

Karns, Margaret P.; Mingst, Karen A. "Peacekeeping efforts: some fly, some flop." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 46 (May '90) p. 43-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Developing countries.United Nations--Armed Forces.United Nations.--Security Council.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the militarization of the Third World. For two decades Third World conflicts proliferated and grew in intensity, and multilateral institutions had a mixed record in bringing peace, but since 1987, the UN Security Council has worked to mediate regional disputes in Afghanistan, Namibia, Cambodia, and the Persian Gulf. Perhaps the most useful evolution in UN conflict management has been the development of the UN peacekeeping forces, which are ad hoc military units that are traditionally drawn from the armed forces of UN member countries other than the Big Five. The forces are generally deployed along a cease-fire line, where they separate hostile parties, monitor the cessation of warfare, and if possible, facilitate a negotiated settlement. With the exception of its force in Lebanon, the force has succeeded in ending hostilities and preventing their renewal for some time in all areas where they have been deployed.

Karmeshu.; Jain, V P.; Mahajan, A K. "A dynamic model of domestic political conflict process." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1990, v34n2, p. 252-269

ABSTRACT: The process by which hostile (challenger) and ruling (regime) groups interact during the process of political conflict is examined. Political conflict is taken as a hostility situation in which two political groups are opposed, such as civil strife, collective violence and revolution.

Karns, Margaret P.; Mingst, Karen A. "Peacekeeping efforts: some fly, some flop." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 46 (May '90) p. 43-7

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Developing countries.United Nations--Armed Forces.United Nations.--Security Council.

Karsh, Efraim and Gregory Mahler. Israel at the crossroads : the challenge of peace. London ; New York : British Academic Press ; New York, NY : Distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by St. Martin's Press, 1994.

SUBJECTS:Israel. Keneset--Elections, 1992. Jewish-Arab relations--1973-Peace.Israel--Foreign relations--Arab countries.Arab countries--Foreign relations--Israel.

CONTENTS: Some of the forks in the road / David Vital -- Peace at last / Efraim Karsh -- Will the Arab public accept peace with Israel? Evidence from surveys in three Arab societies / Mark Tessler and Jamal Sanad -- The prospects for peace between Israel and Syria : a Syrian view / M. Zuhair Diab -- The political legacy of de facto annexation : Rabin, the territories and the regime crisis in Israel / Ian S. Lustick -- An Israeli-Palestinian security regime : the role of peacekeeping forces / Naomi Weinberger -- A new beginning? The 1992 Israeli general election / David Capitanchik -- Territory, state and power : the 1992 election / Gad Barzilai -- The Arab minority and the 1992 election : integration or alienation? / Elie Rekhess -- The Rabin coalition and its implications for future reform / Gregory Mahler -- The future of US-Israeli relations / Yossi M. Mekelberg -- Israel and the successor states of the Soviet Union : a preliminary analysis / Robert O. Freedman -- Israeli-European relations in the 1990s / Rosemary Hollis.

Katz, Mark N. "Can the superpowers plot peace?." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 46 (May '90) p. 38-9

KEY WORDS: Soviet Union--Foreign relations--Developing countries.United States--Foreign relations--Developing countries.United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the militarization of the Third World. Serious differences between the United States and the Soviet Union regarding the Third World could sour superpower relations and halt progress in resolving regional conflicts. Both nations now provide large-scale military assistance to their Third World allies. In general, however, neither country has made a serious effort to deal with the causes of regional disputes. To avoid a fallout, the United States and the USSR should agree on some basic rules for resolving Third World conflicts. For example, arms transfers to contending parties should be halted simultaneously, warring parties should form a transitional coalition government and conduct free elections within a few months, no internal parties or leaders should be excluded from the elections, and before the elections, all foreign troops except international peacekeeping forces should leave.

Katz, Mark N. "Superpower Conflict Resolution : Lessons for the Future." Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science Nov 1991, v518, p. 177-187

ABSTRACT: The US and USSR governments have had differing expectations regarding what the outcome of superpower conflict resolution efforts should be. If both countries adopt a common approach to conflict resolution, they may be able to unlink their overall relations from conflicts that cannot be resolved.

Kauffman, Bill. "Peacekeeping forever." American Enterprise Sep 1995, v6n5, p. 84

ABSTRACT: Kauffman discusses the ratification of the Charter of the United Nations in the summer of 1945. The dissenters of the Charter issued predictions that are eerily close to how the UN uses US troops today.

Kaufman, Sanda.; Duncan, George T. "A formal framework for mediator mechanisms and motivations." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1992, v36n4, p. 688-708

ABSTRACT: Two forms of impartiality that mediators can use to promote gains to disputants were examined in a study. The results indicated that observed mediator activity to help only one disputant at some point in a dispute is not necessarily a sign of bias.

Kaw, Marita. "Predicting Soviet military intervention." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 402-429

ABSTRACT: This study attempts to explain Soviet intervention in conflicts abroad during 1950-87 by using a geopolitics driven model of Soviet calculus for intervention to predict which of four levels of intervention would be undertaken. The study and its four levels of intervention are presented.

Kaye, Kenneth. "The art of listening." HR Focus Oct 1994, v71n10, p. 24

ABSTRACT: Solving interpersonal problems is an ordinary, routine part of conflict resolution, and most interpersonal conflict within an organization can be avoided. The rules of active listening for a speaker and for listeners are presented.

Kedourie, Elie. "Hamlet in Kuwait." The New Republic v. 203 (Dec. 24 '90) p. 13-14+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Persian Gulf region.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--American intervention.

ABSTRACT: The November 29 resolution of the UN Security Council on the Persian Gulf crisis, like previous resolutions on the matter, invites the crisis to continue to unfold in slow motion. Although the resolution seemed to indicate a clear line of action, President Bush's subsequent suggestion of further discussions with Iraq leaves things unresolved. Spectators can only wait to see how and when Bush will ultimately resolve to act. From the start, Bush has chosen to involve the UN in this conflict, and it is said that the UN, which has never been successful in preserving peace, will assume greater importance in the future. The effectiveness of the UN, however, still depends on good relations between the superpowers. If these relations sour, the existence or nonexistence of the UN will make little difference in whether peace is achieved.

Kegley, Charles W Jr.; Raymond, Gregory A. "Must We Fear a Post-Cold War Multipolar System?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1992, v36n3, p. 573-585

ABSTRACT: Two deductive models, in order to evaluate the validity of their conclusions about the alleged stability of the cold war's bipolar competitive world relative to that of multipolar systems, are examined.

Kegley, Charles W Jr.; Raymond, Gregory A. "Preparing now for a peaceful 21st century." USA Today: The Magazine of the American Scene Sep 1994, v123n2592, p. 20-22

ABSTRACT: World order may depend on the great powers' recognition of the need for cooperation to ensure mutual security. The UN, NATO, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Group of Seven all have limitations, but they will play prominent roles in the future in peace-keeping activities.

Kegley, Charles W., Jr. Controversies in international relations theory : realism and the neoliberal challenge. New York : St. Martin's Press, c1995

SUBJECTS:International relations--Philosophy. Realism. Idealism.

CONTENTS: The neoliberal challenge to realist theories of world politics : an introduction / Charles W. Kegley, Jr. -- Theories of international relations and foreign policy : realism and its challengers / Ole R. Holsti -- Realist thought and neorealist theory / Kenneth N. Waltz -- Liberalism and world politics revisited / Michael W. Doyle -- Liberal international theory : common threads, divergent strands / Mark W. Zacher and Richard A. Matthew -- Anarchy and the limits of cooperation : a realist critique of the newest liberal institutionalism / Joseph M. Grieco -- Peace in the liberal world : does democracy matter? / Nicholas G. Onuf and Thomas J. Johnson -- The United Nations in a new world order : reviving the theory and practice of international organization / J. Martin Rochester -- Evolving patterns of European integration and governance : implications for theories of world politics / Barry B. Hughes -- Swords into plowshares : can fewer arms yield more security? / Robert C. Johansen -- International trade as a force for peace / Neil R. Richardson -- International law and international order / Harvey Starr -- Rethinking the moral dimensions of foreign policy / Joel H. Rosenthal -- Promise or peril : neorealism, neoliberalism, and the future of international politics / James Lee Ray.

Keller, Bill. "A militant black group calls off 'armed struggle' in South Africa." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Jan. 17 '94) p. A2

KEY WORDS: Pan Africanist Congress.Terrorism--South Africa.South Africa--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: (Jan. 16) The Pan Africanist Congress announced today that it was suspending its "armed struggle" in South Africa, calling off a terrorist campaign to which a series of lethal attacks over the past year has been attributed. The declaration opens the way for the militant organization's members to take part in the country's first free elections next April and possibly for members of its Azanian People's Liberation Army branch to become part of the new national peacekeeping force.

Kelly, James. "In search of partners." Time v. 125 (Mar. 11 '85) p. 36

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Egypt--Foreign relations--Middle East.

ABSTRACT: A secret meeting between Israeli prime minister Shimon Peres and a top-ranking Egyptian envoy was the high point of a flurry of diplomatic activity that offers a glimmer of hope for a Middle East peace settlement. At issue is a peace plan drawn up by Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. The plan calls for meetings between a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation and the United States, followed by talks between the delegation and Israel, with a United Nations conference approving any bilateral settlement. The United States has expressed a willingness to help, but officials are skeptical of the plan's chances for success. The sticky issue of Palestine Liberation Organization involvement has been resolved to Israel's liking--PLO members won't be part of the delegation--but Israel opposes the Arab delegation's planned meeting with the United States. Syria remains the wild card in a plan that faces many hurdles.

Kelman, Steven. "Adversary and cooperationist institutions for conflict resolution in public policymaking." Journal of Policy Analysis & Management Spring 1992, v11n2, p. 178-206

ABSTRACT: A case for placing greater reliance on "cooperative institutions," that is, ones where parties reach agreement among themselves rather than with a third party, is offered. Public conflict resolution is discussed.

Kemp, Walter. "Giving teeth to the CSCE?" World Today Oct 1994, v50n10, p. 183-185

ABSTRACT: The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) has historically been in the position of having good intentions but lacking the means to enforce them. Initiatives have been put forth for the Budapest Review Conference that may put the CSCE on a more active course for promoting peace.

Kempton, Daniel R. "Africa in the Age of Perestroika." Africa Today Third Quarter 1991, v38n3, p. 7-29

ABSTRACT: The effects of perestroika on sub-Saharan Africa are discussed. Regional conflict resolution, aid and trade relationships with the USSR, the decline of socialism and the growth of democratization are highlighted.

Kenichi, Ito. "The Japanese State of Mind : Deliberations on the Gulf Crisis." Journal of Japanese Studies Summer 1991, v17n2, p. 275-290

ABSTRACT: Soon after Iraq invaded Kuwait, the Japanese government drafted the "United Nations Peace Cooperation Bill," which outlined what the Japanese could and could not do to expedite the war. The document is examined.

Keneally, Leo. "Russian peacekeeping doctrine." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 7-8

ABSTRACT: Keneally describes the ways in which Russian peacekeeping differs from that of the UN. The UN usually undertakes peacekeeping missions after consent from the parties involved is obtained, but Russian peacemaking doctrine does not consider consent to be a mission prerequisite.

Kenney, George. "The Bosnians' troubling retreat : Embargoed." New Republic Oct 17, 1994, v211n16, p. 12-14

ABSTRACT: If the UN had never imposed an arms embargo on Yugoslavia in 1991 and never gotten involved in the civil war there, the war might have been over and reconstruction begun by 1994. Instead the conflict continues, and the Bosnian government is now choosing to live with the embargo in order to keep the UN peacekeeping forces in its country.

Kerrey, Robert. "Not so fast on Somalia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 7 '93) p. A29

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.United Nations--United States.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: The way that the United States withdraws from Somilia is crucial. If the U.S. pulls out of Somalia prematurely, the reputation of the U.S. military would be tarnished, and the idea of a collective UN response to regional problems would be discredited.

Khashan, Hilal. "The political values of Lebanese Maronite college students." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 723-744

ABSTRACT: The political values of the Lebanese Maronite community were studied. The findings indicated a positive intragroup solidarity and cohesion along with a feeling of distinction from all other Lebanese groups.

Kiernan, Ben. Genocide and democracy in Cambodia : the Khmer Rouge, the United Nations, and the international community. New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, c1993.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Cambodia--Congresses. Political atrocities--Cambodia--Congresses. Cambodia--Politics and government--1975---Congresses.

CONTENTS:Revolution and rural response in Cambodia, 1970-1975 / Kate Frieson -- Cambodian village under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979 / May Ebihara -- After the nightmare: the population of Cambodia / Judith Banister E. Paige Johnson -- Khmer Rouge genocide and international law / Gregory H. Stanton -- Genocide as a political commodity / Serge Thion -- Inclusion of the Khmer Rouge in the Cambodian peace process : causes and consequences / Ben Kiernan -- Development aid and democracy in Cambodia / Chanthou Boua -- United Nations and Cambodia / Hedi Annabi -- Cambodian factions in the democratic process / Khieu Kanharith -- Cambodia's legal tradition and the democratic process / Douc Rasy -- Text of genocide convention.

Kifner, John. "U.N. fears Bosnia peace momentum is faltering." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 7 '94) p. A6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: (March 6) UN officials are increasingly worried that the momentum of their peace effort in Sarajevo is slipping away due to a lack of international support and mounting Serbian recalcitrance. The recent flurry of peacemaking began a month ago, when a mortar shell killed scores of people in a market and NATO responded by threatening the Bosnian Serbs with air strikes if they did not remove or place under UN control their heavy weapons near Sarajevo.

Kifner, John. "Peace effort in Bosnia could lose its momentum, U.N. general says." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 5 '94) p. 5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: (Mar. 4) According to Sir Michael Rose, the United Nations military commander in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the nascent peace effort there is in danger of losing its momentum. Rose has pleaded for more Western troops as Serbs have tested UN resolve.

Kifner, John. "Serbs agree to give up Sarajevo guns." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 10 '94) p. A14

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Serbia--Nationalism.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 9) Under threat of NATO air strikes, Bosnian and Serb forces agreed today to hand over their artillery in the mountains around Sarajevo to UN peacekeeping troops. The agreement is part of a cease-fire that is supposed to begin at noon on Thursday.

Kifner, John. "Serbs demand a pullback by Bosnians, confusing the peace effort." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 14 '94) p. A7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Army.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 13) Serbian nationalists confused the United Nations peacekeeping effort when they demanded that the Bosnian government pull back its infantry in exchange for Serbian withdrawal of artillery. Bosnian prime minister Haris Silajdzic accused the Serbs of "a transparent attempt to delay" and escape the NATO deadline, which gave the Serbs until next Sunday to withdraw or face air strikes.

Kifner, John. "Serbs pull away in a Russian plan to avert bombing." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 18 '94) p. A1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Russia (Republic)--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 17) According to United Nations officials, convoys of Serbian artillery are pulling back from positions around Sarajevo following an agreement between Russia and Radovan Karadzic, the political leader of the Serbian nationalists in Bosnia. Karadzic announced that the Serbs had accepted a Russian proposal for withdrawal as part of a plan that called for about 800 Russian troops to be brought to the Sarajevo area for unspecified duties.

Kifner, John. "Serbs will give up big guns in Bosnia by today, U.N. says." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 19 '94) p. 1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 18) Top UN commanders announced today that Bosnian Serbs had agreed to withdraw their heavy weapons from the city or place them under UN control by Saturday night and to allow UN patrols to check on possible violations within their lines. There is a widespread conviction in Sarajevo that the Serbs will avert the air strikes that the Western alliance has threatened to start on Monday if the arms are not removed or placed under UN control.

Kifner, John. "Truce in Sarajevo begins smoothly." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 11 '94) p. A1+

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 11) A burst of machine-gun fire late Thursday night in Sarajevo punctured a UN-brokered cease-fire. Intense shooting began at 11:30 P.M., lasting about 10 minutes, and reporters at the Holiday Inn in the city center saw mortar shells exploding close to the Parliament building nearby.

Kifner, John. "U.N. acting 'hard-nosed' in Sarajevo." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 13 '94) p. 12 (Sec 1)

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Serbia--Nationalism.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 12) United Nations commander in Bosnia Lieut. Gen. Sir Michael Rose said today that he has taken a number of steps in a new, "hard-nosed approach" to making the fragile cease fire in Sarajevo a durable truce. Rose said that he had called in surveillance planes, requested ground radar, and moved to nearly double the peacekeeping troops in Sarajevo.

Kifner, John. "U.N. commanders in Bosnia to make use of technology." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 15 '94) p. A1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Airplanes, Military--Radar equipment.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.Serbia--Nationalism.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 14) United Nations commanders in Sarajevo are developing a complex, ambitious peace plan for the region. The plan would use NATO's advanced technology to strengthen the threat of air strikes on the combatants in Bosnia.

Kifner, John. "U.N. fears Bosnia peace momentum is faltering." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 7 '94) p. A6

Kifner, John. "Serbs agree to give up Sarajevo guns." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 10 '94) p. A14

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Serbia--Nationalism.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

Kifner, John. "Serbs demand a pullback by Bosnians, confusing the peace effort." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 14 '94) p. A7

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Army.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .

Kifner, John. "U.N. acting 'hard-nosed' in Sarajevo." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 13 '94) p. 12 (Sec 1)

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Serbia--Nationalism.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Rose, Michael.

Kilgour, D Marc.; Brams, Steven J. "Putting the Other Side "On Notice" Can Induce Compliance in Arms Control." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1992, v36n3, p. 395-414

ABSTRACT: Arms-control inspection is modeled by two games, one played simultaneously and one sequentially, between an inspector (O) and an inspectee (E). Evident benefits for both O and E result when O makes the first move, given that its detection probability is above a certain threshold.

Kilgour, D Marc. "Domestic Political Structure and War Behavior : A Game-Theoretic Approach." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1991, v35n2, p. 266-284

ABSTRACT: Recent game-theoretic models of national crisis behavior that can be used to generate research hypotheses about how specific features of national political structures and political culture are related to war-proneness are discussed.

Kim, Woosang. "Power, alliance, and major wars, 1816-1975." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1989, v33n2, p. 255-273

ABSTRACT: Several propositions suggested by the power transition theory are tested for major war cases from 1816 to 1975. Findings show, among other things, that alliances play a significant role in the incidence of major war.

Kimball, Charles.; Esposito, John L.; Sanneh, Lamin. "Prospects for a Postwar Order." Christian Century Apr 10, 1991, v108n12, p. 396-401

ABSTRACT: Three scholars who are knowledgeable about the Middle East draw on their expertise to discuss the region's seemingly intractable problems, the ramifications of the Gulf war, the US role in the situation and possible means of conflict-resolution.

King, Wayne. "Carter redux." The New York Times Magazine (Dec. 10 '89) p. 38-41+

ABSTRACT: No president since Herbert Hoover has been more active in world affairs after leaving the White House than Jimmy Carter. In recent years, Carter has observed elections in Panama, mediated peace talks between the Marxist-Leninist government of Ethiopia and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, discussed rules for upcoming elections in Nicaragua with President Daniel Ortega Saavedra, helped convince the president of Somalia to grant clemency to eight political prisoners, and participated in an effort to get 220 Somalian prisoners of war freed from Ethiopia. Much of his recent work has had the approval and support of the Bush administration. The hub of his activities is the Carter Center in Atlanta, which, in addition to the Presidential Library, houses groups that deal with conflict resolution and seek solutions to a variety of world problems.

Kinnier, Richard T. "Development of a Values Conflict Resolution Assessment." Journal of Counseling Psychology Jan 1987, v34n1, p. 31-37

ABSTRACT: The development of a Values Conflict Resolution Assessment is described and results of prelimiary validation and reliabiity studies are reported.

Kinnier, Richard T. "A reconceptualization of values clarification : Values conflict resolution." Journal of Counseling & Development: JCD Sep 1995, v74n1, p. 18-24

ABSTRACT: The rise and fall of Values Clarification (VC) are described, and a reconceptualization of VC is presented. The reconceptualization is meant to revitalize the topic of values conflict and clarification, to stimulate new research and to establish an empirically based guidance for psychology practice.

Kinsella, David.; Tillema, Herbert K. "Arms and aggression in the Middle East." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 306-329

ABSTRACT: The relationship between the Cold War and enduring rivalry in the Third World is examined by analyzing the impact of superpower arms transfers on armed interventions in the Middle East from 1948 to 1991. Evidence suggests that arms transfers from the US to Israel restrained the level of military aggression in the region on the part of both Israel and its Arab rivals.

Kinzer, Stephen. "U.N. seeks more troops to keep the peace in Bosnia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 4 '94) p. A3

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: (March 3) Responding to the breakdown of a short-lived truce in Sarajevo, United Nations officials said today that they need more than 10,000 new peacekeeping troops to prevent more cease-fire violations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN urged the U.S. to begin contributing troops to the effort, but the Clinton Administration has rejected the idea.

Kinzer, Stephen. "U.N. seeks more troops to keep the peace in Bosnia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 4 '94) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.

Kiras, James. "The South China Sea : Issues of a maritime dispute." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: A territorial dispute between China and the Philippines over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, which centers around natural resources and sovereignty, is discussed. China acquired the islands through military force, but there is hope that a peaceful resolution to the issue will be achieved.

Kireyev, A. "Foreign affairs : Arms control." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Oct 11, 1989, v41n37, p. 17

ABSTRACT: The dismantling of a war economy and the creation of a peace economy are discussed. The USSR has agreed to the idea of forming an international register of arms transfers under the UN aegis.

Kirk, Donald. "The Kurds' Fragile Peace." National Review Jul 8, 1991, v43n12, p. 20-21

ABSTRACT: The US and its allies are justly proud of the image of peace and stability that pervades the "allied zone" in northern Iraq. Kurdish refugees fear for the future, however, believing that UN security forces called "rent-a-cops" by US officers will not be able to stop Saddam Hussein's depradations once allied forces leave.

Kirk, Donald. "Japanese eye view." National Review v. 44 (June 8 '92) p. 24-5

KEY WORDS: Japan--Foreign relations.

ABSTRACT: The writer discusses Japan's economy, its foreign policy, its "co-prosperity" policy of World War II, and the controversy over whether Japanese peacekeeping troops should be sent abroad.

Kirk, Donald. "The Kurds' fragile peace." National Review v. 43 (July 8 '91) p. 20-1

KEY WORDS: Kurds--Iraq.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Iraq.

ABSTRACT: The calm now prevailing in Dohuk, on the southern fringe of Iraq's "allied zone," isn't expected to last much beyond the departure of the allies. In cafes in the provincial center, Kurdish guerrillas--whom the allies recently induced to come down from the mountains--discuss their fears of a future that, they are certain, will include further violence. They believe that the UN must send in a full scale multinational peacekeeping force, similar to the one in southern Lebanon, to replace the departing American troops. They fear that the Iraqis will hold back for a while and then resume their persecution of the Kurds in six months or a year, when the world's attention is no longer focused on their suffering.

Kirkwood, R Cort. "One soldier stands alone." Insight on the News Oct 23, 1995, v11n40, p. 11

ABSTRACT: Serious constitutional questions have been raised concerning US troops wearing UN uniforms in Balkan peacekeeping operations because of Michael New's fight for the right not to wear the UN uniform. The issue may assure passage of a proviso in the fiscal 1996 defense bill that would regulate the conditions of American participation in UN operations.

Kirschten, Dick. "Bashing in lockstep." National Journal Nov 12, 1994, v26n46, p. 2686

ABSTRACT: US support of the UN and its peacekeeping forces is likely to dramatically decline with the Republican control of Congress. Conservative views on the UN and Republicans' ability to vote as a bloc are discussed.

Kirschten, Dick. "A contract's out on U.N. policing." National Journal Jan 28, 1995, v27n4, p. 231-232

ABSTRACT: Congressional Republicans are forcing a debate over whether the plug should be pulled on US support for the multilateral policing actions of the UN. A revised version of the national security plank of the House Republicans' Contract With America is discussed.

Kirshenbaum, Gayle. "Who's watching the peace keepers?" Ms. May 1994, v4n6, p. 10-15

ABSTRACT: Charges of sexual harassment, exploitation and the abuse of women and girls has tarnished the image of UN peacekeeping troops. The situation in Mozambique following the civil war there in Jan 1993 is discussed.

Kirshenbaum, Gayle. "A potential landmark for female human rights." Ms. v. 2 (Sept./Oct. '91) p. 13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--Commission on Human Rights.Prostitution--International aspects.

ABSTRACT: Experts have proposed the first UN Convention Against Sexual Exploitation, a measure that seems a necessary response to massive increases in global prostitution and efforts to promote prostitution as a legitimate profession and desirable lifestyle. The initiative is framed around the rights of women in prostitution and would broaden all women's rights. A report of an international meeting of experts, held by the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (a UN non-governmental organization) and the Unesco Division of Human Rights and Peace indicates that there is currently no international instrument that "explicitly stipulates it is a human right to be free of sexual exploitation." The proposal rejects regulation and decriminalization as well as criminalization of prostitution, and it penalizes the customers and pimps, not the women. The points of the convention proposal are listed.

Kirshin, Yuri. "Can we save civilization?." The Courier (Unesco) v. 38 (May '85) p. 13-14

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Nuclear warfare--Prevention.

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE COMMEMORATING THE END OF WORLD WAR II. Humanity must end the arms race to save civilization. In the past, heads of state considered the advantages and disadvantages of armed conflict before launching a war. Today, however, a world war, necessarily a nuclear one, could have no military, political, or economic advantage. A third world war could kill as many people as have lost their lives in the fourteen thousand wars of the last five thousand years. War is not the only danger to humanity, however. In 1982, global spending on arms totaled $650 thousand million, more than the combined income of the poorest third of the world's population. The reallocation of these funds could solve major global problems. Today the fight for peace is necessary to ensure the survival of the human species. The United Nations and Unesco must redouble their efforts to bring peace to the entire world.

Kitfield, James. "Blueprint for the Balkans" National Journal Oct 14, 1995, v27n41, p. 2561

ABSTRACT: The latest blueprint for the Balkans was issued by the Pentagon last year in the wake of the Somalia debacle. The policy would have the US participate in peacekeeping operations only when they advance American interests, have the support of Congress, require US participation for their success and have both a clear mission objective and an unambiguous end point.

Kjeseth, Peter L. "The Church and Politics in Namibia." Africa Today First Quarter 1989, v36n1, p. 7-22

ABSTRACT: The peace accord signed Dec 22, 1988 has set the stage for radical change in Namibia. Excluded from the negotiations regarding their nation, black Namibians have found a voice in the church. A discussion of the church's role in the evolving Namibian independence movement is presented.

Klare, Michael. "Flawed, but vital." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 62

ABSTRACT: Five years ago, the UN seemed to finally have come into its own. It was believed it would take the place of the superpowers and assume a vital peacekeeping role in the world. Unfortunately, this has not been the case.

Klare, Michael T., Daniel C. Thomas. World security : challenges for a new century. New York : St. Martin's Press, c1994.

SUBJECTS:Security, International. Nuclear arms control.International relations.

CONTENTS:Introduction : thinking about world security. World interests and the changing dimensions of security / Seyom Brown -- Great powers and world peace / Daniel N. Nelson -- Democratization around the globe : opportunities and risks / Terry Lynn Karl and Philippe C. Schmitter -- The dynamics of revolutionary change in Russia and the former Soviet Union / Michael McFaul -- The second nuclear era : nuclear weapons in a transformed world / Allan S. Krass -- Nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation policy in the 1990s / Zachary S. Davis -- Adding fuel to the fires : the conventional arms trade in the 1990s / Michael T. Klare -- Regional conflicts in the post-cold war era : causes, dynamics, and modes of resolution / Louis Kriesberg -- Ethnic and nationalist conflict / Donald L. Horowitz -- Maintaining international peace and security : UN peacekeeping and peacemaking / Margaret P. Karns and Karen A. Mingst. Demilitarizing the third world / Nicole Ball -- International human rights after the Cold War / Jack Donnelly -- Global violence against women : the challenge to human rights and development / Charlotte Bunch and Roxanna Carrillo -- The environment and international security / Jessica Tuchman Mathews -- Environmental scarcity and intergroup conflict / Thomas Homer-Dixon -- Demographic change and ecological insecurity / Dennis Pirages -- Global debt and third world development / Vincent Ferraro and Melissa Rosser -- World hunger : a scarcity of food or a scarcity of democracy? / Joseph Collins -- Building world security : the need for strengthened international institutions / Robert C. Johansen.

Klass, Rosanne T. "Afghanistan: the accords." Foreign Affairs v. 66 (Summer '88) p. 922-45

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989--Peace and mediation.Afghanistan--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The agreements collectively known as the Geneva accords that were signed on April 14, 1988, will not prevent the Soviet Union from consolidating control of Afghanistan. Although the accords specify when the withdrawal of Soviet troops is to begin, they do not mandate procedures for enforcing, verifying, or even monitoring that withdrawal. Moreover, the accords do not provide for the enforcement of any terms and do not deal directly with the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. The negotiations that yielded the accords were not conducted as requested by the General Assembly of the United Nations. Rather, they followed the agenda proposed in 1981 by the Kabul regime, which sought to end "outside interference" while retaining Communist control of Afghanistan. As the massive Sovietization of Afghan society continues, it is far from certain that the Kabul regime will fall, that the Afghan refugees will return, or that the Soviets will stop supplying the Afghan army.

Klein, Joe. "Looking at the big 'but'." Newsweek Dec 18, 1995, v126n25, p. 35

ABSTRACT: Klein attributes Pres Clinton's amazing revival to the fact that he has become the leastworst of the nation's options. In sending US troops to Bosnia, he has managed to coerce a tentative AUTHORity from a skeptical nation.

Klein, Joe. "When Bosnia comes home." Newsweek Jul 10, 1995, v126n2, p. 50

ABSTRACT: The reasons why Pres Clinton is supporting a UN mission in Bosnia-Hercegovina that has become an international embarrassment are outlined. Eventually, Clinton will pay the price for making a bad situation worse.

Klein, Lawrence R., Fu-chen Lo, and Warwick J. McKibbin. Arms reduction : economic implications in the post-Cold War era.

Tokyo ; New York : United Nations University Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:Disarmament--Economic aspects--Congresses. Armed Forces--Economic aspects--Congresses. Economic conversion--Economic aspects--Congresses.

CONTENTS: An overview / Warwick J. McKibbin -- Military expenditure and arms trade : trends and prospects / Saadet Deger -- Comments on chapter 2 / Daniel P. Hewitt -- Trends in world arms trade and spending and their implications / Daniel Gallik -- Comments on chapter 3 / Somnath Sen, Shinichi Ichimura -- Military spending in developing countries and official development assistance / Paul Armington and Jalaleddin Jalali -- The economics of arms reduction / Lawrence R. Klein -- Defence reductions in the United States in the 1990s / Murray Weidenbaum -- Comments on chapter 6 / Takashi Inoguchi, Jean-Claude Berthelemy -- The impact on the world economy of reductions in military expenditures and military arms exports / Warwick J. McKibbin and Stephan Thurman -- Economic consequences of lower military spending: some simulation results / Tamim Bayoumi, Daniel P. Hewitt, and Jerald Schiff -- Comments on chapter 8 / Kimio Uno, Sanjay Pradhan -- Some macroeconomic aspects of reductions in military expenditure / Simon Cunningham and Kenneth G. Ruffing -- Comments on chapter 9 / Akira Onishi -- A new international order and its implications for arms reductions / Robert S. McNamara -- Enhancing peace and development: foreign aid and military expenditure in developing countries / Nicole Ball -- Comments on chapter 11 / Raimo Vayrynen, Zhu Manli -- Economic incentives for demilitarization / Somnath Sen -- Comments on chapter 12 / Mihaly Simai -- Arms reduction in the Middle East: between credibility and illusion / Amin Hewedy -- Comments on chapter 13 / Susumu Ishida -- Japan's ODA policies for a peace initiative / Takao Kawakami.

Knight, Robin. "New hopes, old hates." US News & World Report Feb 1, 1993, v114n4, p. 60-61

ABSTRACT: Bosnian Serbs have accepted a peace plan formulated by UN mediators that will divide Bosnia-Hercegovina into ten provinces. Many believe that the plan is merely a starting point and that the fighting will continue.

Knight, Robin.; Zimmermann, Tim. "Running in Place as Bosnia Dies." US News & World Report Dec 28, 1992, v113n25, p. 20-22

ABSTRACT: Politically, the West is waiting for the Clinton Administration, before enforcing a UN ban on Serbian flights over Bosnia-Herzegovina. The West remains paralyzed by violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina and probably will until Feb 1993.

Knight, Robin. "Turning points." US News & World Report Jan 31, 1994, v116n4, p. 13

ABSTRACT: With the third UN commander in six months being removed, aid convoys at a halt and several European countries demanding the withdrawal of troops, the UN's operation in Bosnia is in trouble. The failure of a new peace attempt in mid-Feb would be just one more turning point in a long string.

Knight, Robin. "New hopes, old hates." US News & World Report Feb 1, 1993, v114n4, p. 60-61

Knight, Robin. "The New World Chaos." US News & World Report May 4, 1992, v112n17, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: With nationalism flaring and communist regimes crumbling, UN officials are struggling to negotiate peace and finance reconstruction in a number of countries worldwide. So far, the US and its allies have been much better at finding new missions for the UN than at providing the wherewithal for carrying them out.

Knight, Robin. "Balkan crossroads: Clinton is under growing pressure to stop the holocaust in Bosnia." U.S. News & World Report v. 114 (May 3 '93) p. 53-5, 84

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- .Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina.United States--Foreign relations--Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Foreign relations--United States.

ABSTRACT: Pressure is growing for America and its allies to intercede in Bosnia. The United Nations peace plan is in ruins, the Serbs are still determined to create a Greater Serbia, and time is running out to save Bosnia's Muslims. A dozen State Department officials have rebelled against President Bill Clinton's policy of caution and have called for military action against the Serbs, and Clinton's UN ambassador has urged air strikes to protect the remaining Muslim enclaves in Bosnia. According to military sources, Secretary of State Warren Christopher and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Colin Powell are still wary of using force, but Clinton is close to ordering U.S. air strikes. The article discusses the lack of consensus among U.S. allies, problems facing Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic, and 3 potential trouble spots in the region, and a related editorial notes the tough options that the United States faces in responding to Serbian aggression.

Knox, Colin. "Conflict resolution at the microlevel : Community relations in Northern Ireland." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1994, v38n4, p. 595-619

ABSTRACT: A study examines whether attitudes on fair employment, prejudice and tolerance between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland have changed in councils participating in a community relations initiative. Some real achievements are detected during the program's four-year period of operation.

Kraines, David.; Kraines, Vivian. "Evolution of learning among Pavlov strategies in a competitive environment with noise." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1995, v39n3, p. 439-466

ABSTRACT: It is shown that when restricted to an environment of only Pavlov-type strategies, slower learning mutants cannot invade an initial dominant population. The "immediate learning" version of Pavlov often fares poorly in this environment.

Kramer, Roderick M.; Pommerenke, Pamela.; Newton, Elizabeth. "The social context of negotiation : Effects of social identity and interpersonal accountability on negotiator decision making." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1993, v37n4, p. 633-654

ABSTRACT: The effects of social identification and interpersonal accountability on negotiator judgment and decision making were investigated. A social contextualist account sheds light on why negotiators' outcomes often deviate from those predicted by normative or rational models of bargaining.

Kramer, Reed. "United Nations wages peace on a tight budget." Africa News Mar 22, 1993, v38n4, p. 1-3

ABSTRACT: Budget restrictions and a variety of other constraints have hampered UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, particularly in Angola where months of intense fighting have elevated the state to the largest-scale war in the world today. UN peacekeeping operations in Africa are discussed.

Krauthammer, Charles. "Dreams of a blue helmet : The peacekeeping fantasy." Weekly Standard Oct 30, 1995, v1n7, p. 30-34

ABSTRACT: The US has fallen into dreams about the possibilities of international life under a New World Order for the third time this century. Krauthammer discusses the history of international peacekeeping efforts.

Krauthammer, Charles. "Nothing succeeds like failure." Time Nov 20, 1995, v146n21, p. 86

ABSTRACT: A peace agreement between the three parties of the Bosnian civil war will lead to divisions in the US and in the Western alliance, since Pres Clinton has promised to send troops to Bosnia if one is made. The parties should be offered two choices: an airtight agreement that would not need outside implementers or no agreement.

Krauthammer, Charles. "Dreams of a blue helmet : The peacekeeping fantasy." Weekly Standard Oct 30, 1995, v1n7, p. 30-34

Krauthammer, Charles. "Why America must not go into Bosnia." Weekly Standard Dec 4, 1995, v1n12, p. 15-17

ABSTRACT: The idea of using US troops to enforce a Bosnian peace settlement reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the US role as the world's only remaining superpower. Objections to the US deployment are listed.

Krauthammer, Charles. "Sarajevo Burns. Will We Learn?" Time Jun 15, 1992, v139n24, p. 78

ABSTRACT: The role of the UN and other collective security agencies in helping to stop the fighting in the former republics of Yugoslavia is discussed. The UN and other such agencies are powerless in the face of fighting; they can only keep peace.

Kreidler, William J. "Practicing peacemaking." Instructor Apr 1995, v104n7, p. 18

ABSTRACT: Learning how to handle conflict constructively and nonviolently is a skill students develop through role-playing, discussions, and class meetings. Kreidler discusses conflict-resolution skills.

Kreidler, William J. "Conflict resolution on the planet Zimock." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 44 (July/Aug. '88) p. 20

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on efforts to inform students about nuclear issues. An excerpt from Creative Conflict Resolution outlines five problems that primary-school students are asked to seek solutions to.

Krepon, Michael "Peacemakers or rent-a-spies?." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 45 (Sept. '89) p. 12-15

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on commercial satellites. High resolution commercial satellites such as France's SPOT I are providing governments, the media, international peacekeeping groups, environmentalists, and human rights activists with detailed imagery. Because of technological advances, these satellites are useful for a host of military applications. Safeguards for preventing the misuse of such satellites are suggested.

Kriesberg, Louis, Stuart J. Thorson. Timing the de-escalation of international conflicts. Syracuse, N.Y. : Syracuse University Press, 1991.

SUBJECTS:Pacific settlement of international disputes. Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes. Conflict management.

CONTENTS:The changing international environment and the resolution of international conflicts / P. Terrence Hopmann -- Critical elements in determining the suitability of conflict settlement efforts by the United Nations Secretary General / Indar Jit Rikhye -- Ripeness, de-escalation, and arms control / Richard N. Haass -- Domestic factors and de-escalation initiatives / Jo L. Husbands. Strategies for de-escalation / Susan French and Louis Kriesberg -- Up the down staircase? / Roger Hurwitz -- Power strategies in de-escalation / I. William Zartman and Johannes Aurik -- Superpower strategies in efforts to terminate the War in Beirut, 1982-84 / Juergen Dedring -- Further exploration of track two diplomacy / John W. Mc Donald -- Private intervention in public controversy / Ralph Earle II -- The timing of ripeness and the ripeness of timing / Jeffrey Z. Rubin -- From theory to practice and back / James P. Bennett, Goodwin Cooke, and Stuart J. Thorson.

Krus, David J.; Webb, James W. "Motivational attribution as prolegomena to armed conflict." Psychological Reports Feb 1992, v70n1, p. 161-162

ABSTRACT: Critical appraisal and consideration of the motivational factors of an opposing side are important in the adoption of a nonviolent attitude towards conflict resolution. This assumption is examined in the contexts of the Persian Gulf War and the Pacific theater of WWII. Twenty-three graduate students responded to two narratives.

Koch, Susan J.; Jordan, Debra J. "We can work it out : Resolving staff conflicts." Camping Magazine Jul 1993, v65n6, p. 21-25

ABSTRACT: Conflicts between members of camp staffs are inevitable, but effective use of conflict resolution strategies can bring about a satisfactory outcome for the parties involved. Causes of conflict in a camp setting, basic skills for conflict resolution and conflict resolution practice exercises are discussed.

Koh, Tommy T. B. "The United Nations: is there life after 40?." USA Today (Periodical) v. 114 (Sept. '85) p. 38-43

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--History.

ABSTRACT: An adaptation of a speech considering the past and future of the United Nations: In this year, the fortieth anniversary of the UN, the organization's prestige stands at its lowest point ever. The primary criticism of the UN is that it has failed to achieve its main goal, the maintenance of international peace and security. Member nations have violated the principles of the UN charter, those in the Security Council have not acted impartially, and the United States and the Soviet Union have failed to work together. The UN has had some measure of success in conflict management, however, and Secretaries-General have done some good with quiet diplomacy. The General Assembly has suffered from the actions of the nonaligned countries. The UN probably will survive, but only more positive action by the nonaligned countries and the West can make it a more effective organization.

Kohak, Erazim. "Central Europe's Post-Captive Minds." Harper's Jun 1992, v284n1705, p. 15-20

ABSTRACT: While Western Europe today is committed to nonviolent conflict resolution and political integration, the lands of the former USSR are headed in the opposite direction--toward disintegration. The rise in nationalism that is splitting Central Europe apart is discussed.

Kolenda, Konstantin. "A new role for the U.N." The Humanist v. 51 (July/Aug. '91) p. 42+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: The UN must act as an arbiter for the newly resurgent ethnic and nationalistic disputes that are threatening to erupt into violence. At a time when it seemed possible to hope for global peace, tensions between the nuclear powers have been replaced by bitter and explosive "local" wars. History shows that it is possible for different ethnic groups to live harmoniously while preserving their unique heritages. The UN could help foster such harmony by serving as an impartial third party, hearing and arbitrating conflicts between a country's feuding ethnic groups.

Kolenda, Konstantin. "Philosopher's Column : A New Role for the U.N." Humanist Jul 1991, v51n4, p. 42, 49

ABSTRACT: With the disappearance of the threat of the Cold War, it now seems possible for the UN to return to the task of promoting peace and harmony in the world. The need for a new role of the UN is addressed.

Komorita, S S.; Hilty, J A.; Parks, C D. "Reciprocity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1991, v35n3, p. 494-518

ABSTRACT: The key elements of the tit-for-tat strategy of addressing the two-person prisoner's dilemma are outlined. In two recent experiments, a single naive subject was led to believe that he was playing a two-person prisoner's dilemma, but he actually played against a programmed strategy.

Kondo, Tetsuo. "Some notes on rational behavior, normative behavior, moral behavior, and cooperation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1990, v34n3, p. 495-530

ABSTRACT: The question of cooperation is examined in terms of both the theory of rational choice and the theory of social norms. The involvement of normative behavior in cooperative acts is discussed.

Kondracke, Morton. "Javier of the U.N." The New Republic v. 203 (Aug. 13 '90) p. 20-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.

ABSTRACT: Javier Perez de Cuellar is probably the best secretary-general the United Nations has ever had, and finding a suitable successor when his term ends in 1992 is the biggest challenge currently facing the organization. Perez de Cuellar has helped begin restoration of the UN's intended role as the world's peacemaking agency and problem-solving forum. During his tenure, which began in 1982, the United States and the Soviet Union pledged cooperation in fulfilling the UN Charter, and both have begun paying back money that had been withheld during disputes over UN activities. Although he lacks charisma, Perez de Cuellar has successfully used subtlety and diplomacy to win support from big powers. The end of the cold war makes a continuation of his efforts for peace, economic development, and protection of the environment possible with the proper successor.

Kondrashov, Stanislav. "Yeltsin goes to anniversary session of a U.N. overshadowed by Bosnian events." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 15, 1995, v47n42, p. 20-21

ABSTRACT: Boris Yeltsin will attend the 50th anniversary celebration for the UN. The Bosnian crisis will be a topic of serious discussion at the celebration.

Kondrashov, Stanislav. "Bosnian Serbs seen as betraying Russia's trust." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press May 18, 1994, v46n16, p. 2-3

ABSTRACT: After Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Andre Kozyrev told journalists about his success in negotiating an accord in defusing the situation in Gorazde Bosnia, there were reports of his failed mission. Since Russia helped the UN get into Bosnia, it is important for Russia to help devise new approaches.

Konrad, Walecia. "Three ways to manage conflict." Working Woman v. 11 (July '86) p. 17

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict resolution.Communication in management.

ABSTRACT: Three ways to deal with conflict are described. A "firm-hands approach" is recommended over the "clenched-fist" and "wringing-hands" approaches.

Kontos, C William. "Book Reviews : Arab-Israeli Conflict--Reaching for the Olive Branch." Middle East Journal Summer 1990, v44n3, p. 517-518

ABSTRACT: C. Kontos reviews "Reaching for the Olive Branch: UNRWA and Peace in the Middle East," by Milton Viorst.

Koopman, Cheryl.; Snyder, Jack.; Jervis, Robert. "Theory-driven versus data-driven assessment in a crisis : A survey of International Security readers." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 694-722

ABSTRACT: A survey eliciting beliefs about US-USSR relations and military strategy is discussed. The questionnaire contained alternative versions of a hypothetical crisis scenario and elicited assessments of threat, deterrence contingencies and policy responses.

Kopkind, Andrew. " The wider war." The Nation v. 252 (Feb. 4 '91) p. 109+

KEY WORDS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Protest movements.Persian Gulf War, 1991--American participation.

ABSTRACT: The movements for and against the war must both deal with new realities. The split between the national security crisis managers and the foreign-policy elite strategists over the advisability of war was the first evidence that the compact that allowed presidents to invade at will and get rubber-stamp approval is no longer routine. The crisis managers immediately assumed a war making posture, but many of the foreign-policy "wise men" of previous administrations understood that a U.S. military undertaking in the Gulf would be a prescription for economic disaster and imperial decline. Many average Americans are also opposed to the war and can't support U.S. involvement in a conflict for no good reason. Like the administration, the peace movement has been wholly reactive for too long. To be effective, it must address the bases for conflicts before they erupt and work for the creation of international organizations with peacekeeping powers and permanent political presence.

Kopvillem, Peeter. "Fallout from a fiery death." Maclean's v. 103 (Apr. 30 '90) p. 16-17

KEY WORDS: Aviation--Accidents.Airplanes, Military--Canada.Airplanes, Training--Germany (West).

ABSTRACT: The collision of two Canadian CF-18 Hornet fighter jets over West Germany, which killed one pilot and caused a number of ground fires, has heightened debate over the safety of Canada's fighter planes and the future of the pilot training programs. The disaster, which was the tenth CF-18 crash since 1982, has prompted West German demands for an end to training flights over populated areas. In addition, the decline in East-West tensions has raised suggestions that Canada's military should be more committed to peacekeeping and civilian duties than to combat. Supporters of the fighter program contend, however, that the tragic incidents were part of the accepted risks of flying fighter jets and that Canadian CF-18 pilots are among the best in the world. The military announced that some training flights will continue, but that dogfights will be suspended until the cause of the crash is determined.

Koretz, Gene. "Why detente may raise the savings rate." Business Week (Mar. 6 '89) p. 18

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Bulletin of the atomic scientists.Saving and savings.Nuclear warfare--Economic aspects.

ABSTRACT: A small group of economists and political scientists has hypothesized that a reduction of superpower tensions will raise the U.S. private savings rate. In a 1986 study that appeared in the Journal of Conflict Resolution, University of Michigan economist Joel Slemrod presented evidence that savings are negatively correlated with the threat of nuclear war. According to Slemrod, savings increased when the average annual setting of the clock published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists reflected the journal editors' belief in a reduction of the likelihood of nuclear war.

Korotchenko, Igor. "The army : General staff has doubts." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 14, 1995, v47n20, p. 20

ABSTRACT: The Russian military still regards NATO with suspicion. The general staff is uncertain about Pres Boris Yeltsin's decision to participate in the Partnership for Peace program.

Kotter, Wolfgang.; Muller, Harald. "Consolidating steps for disarmament : The United Nations' growing role in arms control."

Ecumenical Review Jul 1995, v47n3, p. 335-338

ABSTRACT: The complex organizational framework for disarmament and arms control that has developed within the UN should be consolidated. All preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping tasks should include disarmament measures.

Kotze, Hennie.; Du Toit, Pierre. "The state, civil society, and democratic transition in South Africa : A survey of elite attitudes." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1995, v39n1, p. 27-48

ABSTRACT: The presence of civil society is widely recognized as a crucially important component of the foundation of stable democracy. Data that bear on the attitudes of elites to the state and to a wide variety of civic bodies in South Africa are reported.

Kovalenko, Yu. "Far East : Cambodia." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Jan 2, 1991, v42n48, p. 25

ABSTRACT: Representatives of the UN Security Council, meeting in Paris, have drafted an agreement on settlement of the Cambodian conflict. The UN recommendations are discussed.

Kovalenko, Yury. "Georgia." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Feb 9, 1994, v46n2, p. 29

ABSTRACT: Georgian, Abkhaz and Russian troops will take part in UN peacekeeping efforts along the Inguri River. Talks have made little progress toward defining Abkhazia's future status.

Kubic, Milan J. "Israel: at war with itself." Newsweek v. 109 (May 25 '87) p. 30

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Israel--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The Israeli government's 21/2-year-old coalition agreement between the right-wing Likud bloc and the centrist Labor Party seems headed for a bitter breakup over Foreign Minister and Labor leader Shimon Peres's proposed Mideast peace conference. Before last week's meeting of the inner cabinet, which is equally divided beween Labor and Likud, Peres had hoped to get at least one Likud vote for continued "exploration" of his plan to bring Israel to the bargaining table with its Arab enemies and the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Prime Minister and Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir, however, denounced the scheme as "perverse and criminal" and successfully warded off any desertions. Peres decided not to bring the proposal to a vote but blocked Shamir's distribution of a circular claiming that the cabinet had rejected the plan. As the war of words continues, both parties seem to be positioning themselves for an election-day showdown.

Kuenne, Robert E. "Conflict management in mature rivalry." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 554-566

ABSTRACT: A study defines an environment of mature rivalry in which a prospective interaction of decisions takes place in a manner that restrains conflict through the fostering of mind-sets, institutions, and conditions that enhance cooperation. A formal framework for analyzing the solution process in contexts of mature rivalry is discussed using the theory of rivalrous consonance.

Kugler, Jacek.; Arbetman, Marina. "Exploring the "Phoenix Factor" with the collective goods perspective." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1989, v33n1, p. 84-112

ABSTRACT: The collective goods argument that nations defeated in war, the political structures and distributional coalitions of which are also devastated, will increase economic competition and accelerate economic recovery is tested. Results show that economic destruction has a positive impact on postwar recovery.

Kull, Steven. "Misreading the public mood." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 55-59

ABSTRACT: The changing public mood over UN peacekeeping actions when US soldiers are involved is discussed. Many people support humanitarian efforts until it becomes clear there is a lot of danger involved in these actions. The majority of people usually support actions when it is clearly perceived as part of a UN peacekeeping mission.

Kunugi, Tatsuro. "Toward a Renaissance of the United Nations." Japan Quarterly Jan 1991, v38n1, p. 23-32

ABSTRACT: A revitalization and expansion of the role of the UN in international affairs is advocated and outlined. The end of the cold war and other significant events offer an unprecedented opportunity for international progress.

Kurdek, Lawrence A. "Conflict resolution styles in gay, lesbian, heterosexual nonparent, and heterosexual parent couples." Journal of Marriage & the Family Aug 1994, v56n3, p. 705-722

ABSTRACT: Preliminary psychometric data are presented for two inventories that assess conflict in couples--the Ineffective Arguing Inventory (IAI) and the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory (CRSI). Results warrant further examination of the IAI and CRSI as measures of conflict for gay, lesbian, heterosexual nonparent and heterosexual parent couples.

Kurdek, Lawrence A. "Predicting change in marital satisfaction from husbands' and wives' conflict resolution styles." Journal of Marriage & the Family Feb 1995, v57n1, p. 153-164

ABSTRACT: Kurdek examined the link between husbands' and wives' use of three conflict resolution styles (conflict engagement, withdrawal and compliance) and change in each spouse's marital satisfaction over a two-year period.

Kusi, Newman Kwadwo. "Economic growth and defense spending in developing countries : A causal analysis." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1994, v38n1, p. 152-159

ABSTRACT: The causal relationship between economic growth and defense spending was investigated in 77 developing countries. According to the results, the relationship between economic growth and defense spending cannot be generalized across countries.

Kuznechevsky, Vladimir. "Bosnian Serbs seen as betraying Russia's trust." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press May 18, 1994, v46n16, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: In Apr 1994, the UN's "peace" plan for Yugoslavia collapsed into open war between NATO and Bosnian Serbs. The West's arrogance in leaving Russia out of its plans may have been a key factor.

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Lamar, Jacob V., Jr. "A tentative RSVP from Moscow." Time v. 125 (Apr. 15 '85) p. 72

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: Like each president since Franklin Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan wants to have a summit meeting with his Soviet counterpart. Aides are tentatively suggesting a meeting in October, when the United Nations celebrates its fortieth birthday. Summit meetings have not always been successful, but Reagan seems eager, perhaps hoping to leave his mark on peace-making history. Although the administration has indicated that it does not want a merely social session, it has not proposed a specific agenda. The so-called Star Wars program and the MX missile seem likely topics.

Lahno, Bernd. "Trust, reputation, and exit in exchange relationships." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1995, v39n3, p. 495-510

ABSTRACT: It is shown that individuals may have selfish reasons to cooperate in elementary trust games if they live in a world characterized by ongoing social interaction, reputation effects and the possibility to substitute interaction partners.

Lambert, Bruce. "<Obituary>." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 8 '93) p. 46 (Sec 1)

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Jack, Homer Alexander.

ABSTRACT: Unitarian minister Homer A. Jack died on August 5 of pancreatic cancer at his home in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Jack, who was 77, founded the United Nations Non-Governmental Committee on Disarmament in the early 1970s, serving as its chairman until 1983. He was also a champion of other peace and civil rights causes.

Lane, Charles. "A partition plan for Bosnia." Newsweek Jul 5, 1993, v122n1, p. 32

ABSTRACT: Officials of the UN and the EC have given up trying to hold a sovereign Bosnia together and are convening talks on a new peace plan that would create three ethnic ministates. The new plan is discussed.

Lane, Charles. "A partition plan for Bosnia." Newsweek Jul 5, 1993, v122n1, p. 32

Lane, Charles. "The fall of Srebrenica." New Republic Aug 14, 1995, v213n7, p. 14-17

ABSTRACT: The process by which the UN safe haven of Srebrenica Bosnia-Hercegovina fell into Bosnian Serb hands is examined. Srebrenica was militarily indefensible because the UN failed to use the weapons at its disposal for fear of suffering casualties.

Lane, Charles. "The memo." New Republic Nov 20, 1995, v213n21, p. 16-18

ABSTRACT: Lane criticizes European, American and UN officials in the week before the massacre and subsequent fall of Srebrenica Bosnia-Hercegovina to the Serbs. Srebrenica was considered a safe area and was supposed to be protected by air strikes, but the UN and other countries' policies have changed erratically throughout the Bosnian war.

Langlois, Jean-Pierre P. "Modeling deterrence and international crises." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1989, v33n1, p. 67-83

ABSTRACT: The use of game theory in the study of mutual deterrence and international crises, such as a nuclear crisis, is examined. When both sides adopt a deterrence strategy, both enjoy optimal decision rules that confirm intentions and expectations.

Lansner, Kermit. "Carter in Korea : Conflict resolution?" Financial World Jul 19, 1994, v163n15, p. 96

ABSTRACT: Former Pres Carter's visit to North Korea can be described as successful in the sense that he opened a dialogue with the North Koreans.

Lantieri, Linda. "Peacing our schools back together." Education Digest Apr 1995, v60n8, p. 14-17

ABSTRACT: The Resolving Conflict Creatively Program, which educates for intergroup understanding, alternatives to violence and creative conflict resolution among students, teachers, parents and administrators in five school systems, is discussed.

Lapid, Ilana. "From the Hobbesian floor to the Kantian ceiling : UN intervention as a practical-idealist challenge." Social Studies May 1995, v86n3, p. 101-104

ABSTRACT: The UN faces an unprecedented opportunity to promote international peace and security in a world guided by the beacon of morality. It should embrace a policy of assertive humanitarian intervention, tempered by a sober recognition of its political and economic limitations.

Larson, Bruce A.; Knudson, Mary K. "Whose price wins: institutional and technical change in agriculture." Land Economics v. 67 (May '91) p. 213-24

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Agricultural innovations.Agricultural pollution.

ABSTRACT: The process of institutional and technical change in agriculture was examined in the context of the current conflict between the farm sector and environmental groups over water pollution from agricultural practices. Over $16 million in federal and state funds have been allocated to 87 USDA projects to develop technologies that reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture production. Using the work of Bromley and Livingston, a conceptual model was developed emphasizing that conflict between groups, due to the environment, institutions, and technology, is central to the environmental problem and that institutional change through new regulations and the stronger enforcement of existing regulations implies a resolution of conflict. It is concluded that Pareto-non-comparable conflict resolution, in which the rules are changed to improve the negotiating position, will remain the norm for addressing environmental problems in agriculture.

Last, David M. " Cooperation between units and observers." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1994, v23n5, p. 4

ABSTRACT: The UN has signalled its intention to move away from protracted missions, and commanders and staff can deploy formed units, liaison officers and unarmed observers to handle situations. Some tactical problems experienced at sector and unit level are discussed, and solutions that involve the coordinated efforts of both observers and units are presented.

Last, D M. "The challenge of interagency cooperation in international peace operations : A conference report." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jan 1995, v24n1, p. 5-8

ABSTRACT: A conference on International Peace Operations was held Oct 18-20, 1994 with the theme of interagency cooperation. The conference, which highlighted the changing environment of international peace operations and illustrated changes now taking place, is detailed.

Laver, Ross. "Israel's perilous withdrawal." Maclean's v. 98 (Feb. 25 '85) p. 40-1

KEY WORDS: Lebanon--Israeli invasions, 1982- .

ABSTRACT: Violence escalated as Israel began the first stage of its withdrawal from south Lebanon. Fears that rival Lebanese groups would struggle to fill the vacuum left by the retreating Israelis seemed borne out by assassinations and increased guerrilla attacks. The first phase moves Israeli troops back about 15 km north of the Israeli-Lebanese border. Originally perceived as liberators by the Shi'ites, Israelis are now regarded with hostility by both villagers and UN peacekeeping forces. Many in Israel were relieved that the occupation was over. US Secretary of State George Shultz expressed renewed hope for an Arab-Israeli settlement.

Laver, Ross. "The UN in chains." Maclean's Jun 5, 1995, v108n23, p. 40

ABSTRACT: Canadian Forces Captain Patrick Rechner is among those being held by Serbian forces in Bosnia. The Serbs continue this type of behavior that makes the UN peacekeeping forces look weak.

Lawday, David. "Making the pieces fit." U.S. News & World Report v. 112 (June 1 '92) p. 38-40

KEY WORDS: European Economic Community.

ABSTRACT: The advance toward political unity in Europe is prompting some uneasy questions. With the postwar transatlantic security order starting to unravel, the European Community's move toward political and economic unity is slowing as each EC member debates whether to ratify the Maastricht treaty. Current misgivings, however, are not likely to stop the treaty from taking effect. Meanwhile, potential new members Sweden, Finland, Austria, and Switzerland aim to join the EC as soon as possible. Secretary of State James Baker and his aides are developing a list of peacekeeping and other possible new NATO missions to justify the continued funding of American troops in Europe, but officials acknowledge that the Franco-German corps, the likely forerunner of a European army, cannot be stopped. Views on European unity from Denmark, Italy, Spain, Great Britain, and Germany are discussed.

Lax, David A.; Sebenius, James K. "Negotiating Through an Agent." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1991, v35n3, p. 474-493

ABSTRACT: Recent research examined bargaining behavior in situations in which a bargaining agent is uncertain about the terms that are minimally acceptable to the principal. It was found that the inherent uncertainty of agency bargaining can frequently make disagreement more likely.

Leach, Raymond J. ""Information" support to U.N. forces." Marine Corps Gazette Sep 1994, v78n9, p. 49-50

ABSTRACT: A firsthand account of the UN mission in the former Yugoslavia shows that the "UN culture" is completely alien to traditional US methods of intelligence support. The deficiencies of the UN's method are discussed.

Leahy, Patrick. "Hidden killers : Solving the global land mine crisis." America Jun 17, 1995, v172n21, p. 5-6

ABSTRACT: Land mines endanger civilians most of all, but they also kill and maim US soldiers, whether in combat or on peacekeeping missions. Measures to halt exports of anti-personnel land mines--legislation and UN resolutions--are discussed.

Lear, Martha Weinman. "The new marital therapy." The New York Times Magazine (Mar. 6 '88) p. 63-4

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Marriage counseling.

ABSTRACT: As the traditional values of constancy, stability, and intimacy begin to replace the marital discord and alternate life-styles of the 1970s, marital therapists have altered their approaches with couples. Where they once spoke of self-actualization and self-fulfillment, they now treat the marital unit as the "patient" and work on couples' functioning as couples. Therapists have noted that couples are entering therapy earlier, as a form of preventive medicine rather than as crisis intervention, and that many are turning to premarital therapy. In addition, an increasing number of men are initiating therapy. Therapists are using a variety of computerized tests and scales to assess marital problems. Although social change has caused some new marital difficulties, the familiar ones of communication disputes, conflict resolution, and sexual dissatisfaction remain the most common.

Leavitt, Jacqueline. "The House of Ruth." The Nation v. 246 (Apr. 2 '88) p. 472-4

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: House of Ruth (Organization)

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section offering reactions to Jonathan Kozol's book about homelessness, Rachel and Her Children. Though Kozol's book powerfully depicts the daily lives of homeless families, it fails to discuss broad solutions to the crisis. A housing policy that is rooted in the daily experiences of women would be an effective means of reform. In small-scale refuge centers, traditional female skills such as budgeting, cleaning, and conflict resolution have served to help the homeless towards independence. In Los Angeles, for example, the House of Ruth provides not only food and shelter but also myriad services such as career counseling and home-search assistance. Such programs provide a place for displaced persons to regain a sense of social connectedness and to forge a plan for the future.

LeBor, Adam. "Letter from Zagreb." New Statesman & Society Feb 4, 1994, v7n288, p. 11

ABSTRACT: Many Croats are angry that 25% of Croatia is still occupied by rebel Serbs, despite the presence of UN troops. The participation of Croatian troops in the fighting in Bosnia is deepening the international isolation of Croatia and its leader, Franjo Tudjman.

Ledbetter, James. "Ted's modest proposal." Village Voice Oct 24, 1995, v40n43, p. 20-22

ABSTRACT: Ledbetter discusses a fictitious proposal by Ted Turner to incorporate the UN into the merger between Turner Broadcasting System and Time Warner. Viewed next to Time Warner's $18 billion debt, the UN's $3.4 billion back debt is actually quite modest.

Ledbetter, James. "What's wrong with this picture?" Village Voice Aug 8, 1995, v40n32, p. 9

ABSTRACT: The ridiculous idea that lifting the US arms embargo on Bosnia and removing the UN peacekeeping forces will solve the crisis in Bosnia is examined. Proponents of ending the arms embargo don't realize that the Serbs could further decimate the Bosnian army and then seize all the weapons designated for the Bosnians.

Lehman, William E. "Keystone Dialogue on private lands." Endangered Species UPDATE Dec 1995, v12n12, p. SS24-SS25

ABSTRACT: The problem of private lands and conservation of threatened and endangered species was confronted with the help of the Keystone Center, a non-profit organization specializing in conflict resolution and facilitation of solution to public policy issues. The goals of a "Keystone Dialogue" are discussed.

Leininger, Wolfgang. "Escalation and cooperation in conflict situations." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1989, v33n2, p. 231-254

ABSTRACT: A new game-theoretic analysis of an ABSTRACT auction game that captures essential strategic aspects of escalation phenomena is presented. The dollar auction game casts two players against one another who can alternatingly bid for a prize of one dollar.

Leitenberg, Milton. "Rwanda, 1994 : International incompetence produces genocide." Peacekeeping & International Relations Nov 1994, v23n6, p. 6-10

ABSTRACT: The civil war in Rwanda and the UN's attempts at peace negotiations are discussed. The UN and the US' initial inaction and the lack of peacekeeping forces sent to Rwanda by the international community resulted in genocide.

Leng, Russell J. "Reciprocating influence strategies in interstate crisis bargaining." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1993, v37n1, p. 3-41

ABSTRACT: The findings of a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of reciprocating influence strategies in militarized interstate crises (MICs) suggest that the success of reciprocating strategies in MICs is related to withholding cooperative initiatives until after the reciprocating party has demonstrated resolve, the use of carrot-and-stick influence attempts and responses and overcoming ambiguity through over communication of intentions.

Leonard, David C. "Understanding and managing conflict in a technical communication department." Technical Communication Feb 1993, v40n1, p. 74-80

ABSTRACT: Conflict is defined, and various types of organizational conflict are discussed. Six keys to successful conflict resolution by the manager of a technical communication department are offered.

Leonard, David C. "Understanding and managing conflict in a technical communication department." Technical Communication 40(Feb. '93) p. 74-80

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Technical communication--Personnel management.Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.Conflict management.

ABSTRACT: Technical communication managers should attempt to understand and properly manage conflict within their departments. According to Reitz (1987), conflict is a nonproductive disruption of everyday work patterns that results from individuals' or groups' inability to work together on a project or set of projects. Conflict can be intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, or interorganizational in nature and can be caused by differences in function, orientation, and perspective. Successful conflict resolution depends on building and sustaining relationships, pursuing a joint outcome, avoiding the fear of failure, knowing oneself and the parties in conflict, maintaining open lines of communication with the parties in conflict, and stressing mutual interdependence. Managers' reactions to external conflict, the positive and negative effects of conflict, and the ways that the various Myers-Briggs psychological types relate to conflict are discussed.

Leslie, Michael. "Conflict Resolution and the Prestige Press : El Universal and the Mexican Oil Crisis, 1938." JQ: Journalism Quarterly Spring 1991, v68n1-2, p. 224-229

ABSTRACT: A study finds some support for Galtung's theories of national press performance (1965) after a content analysis was done of a prestigious Mexican newspaper's coverage of the 1938 nationalization of foreign oil interests. The "El Universal de Mexico" at first retreated to a government-support position but within two months had regained a more independent stance.

Leung, Kwok. "Some Determinants of Reactions to Procedural Models for Conflict Resolution : A Cross-National Study." Journal of Personality & Social Psychology Nov 1987, v53n5, p. 898-908

ABSTRACT: Previous research has suggested that cultural collectivism may be related to styles of dispute processing. A study which examines this possibility with subjects from Hong Kong, Japan and the US is outlined.

Levin, Bob. "Division in the ranks." Maclean's v. 99 (Nov. 10 '86) p. 28-9

KEY WORDS: European Economic Community.Terrorism--Western Europe.Terrorists, Syrian.Sanctions (International law).France--Foreign relations--Syria.

ABSTRACT: At last week's meeting of the 12 European Community nations, France led opposition to a British plan to adopt diplomatic sanctions against Syria for its alleged role in the attempted bombing of an Israeli airliner in London last April. France's reluctance to adopt sanctions was surprising in light of the numerous bombings the country has endured over the past few months. The French position was further compromised by rumors that France had made a deal to sell weapons to Syria in return for Syrian influence in ending the wave of terrorism. A spokesman for the French government confirmed the sale of defensive material to Syria but denied any terrorism connection. The French need Syria's help in matters besides that of curbing terrorism: they wish to secure the release of seven French hostages in Lebanon and ensure the safety of French troops in the United Nations' peacekeeping force in Lebanon.

Levin, Bob. "Canada's critical ceasefire mission." Maclean's v. 101 (Aug. 22 '88) p. 28-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed forces--Forces in the Persian Gulf region.Iranian-Iraqi War, 1980-1988--Peace and mediation.Canada--Armed Forces--Forces in the Persian Gulf region.

ABSTRACT: Canadian soldiers will play a key role in keeping the peace during the cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq War, providing a vital communications link between the front and United Nations posts in Tehran and Baghdad. While the two warring countries negotiate in Geneva, the United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG), consisting of 350 unarmed observers, will watch over the Iran-Iraq border. The 370-man Canadian communications unit will initially radio messages from the front to UN posts. Later it will lay telephone wire for more reliable communications. The assignment is tentatively expected to last six months.

Levin, Bob.; Clark, Marc. "Canada's Critical Ceasefire Mission." Maclean's Aug 22, 1988, v101n35, p. 28-29

ABSTRACT: Canadian soldiers make up a large portion of the international UN force charged with maintaining and observing the cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq war.

Levitz, Corrine M. "Nonadversarial Conflict Resolution Simulation in a School Setting." Social Education Sep 1990, v54n5, p. 263-266

ABSTRACT: An opportunity for students to engage in a discussion and analysis of the different methods and techniques available for resolving disputes outside of the court process can be found by reviewing "Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools vs Bridget C. Mergens."

Levy, Daniel S. "Why Johnny might grow up violent and sexist." Time v. 138 (Sept. 16 '91) p. 16-19

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Boys.Masculinity (Psychology).Children--Management and training.Violence.Sex crimes.

ABSTRACT: In an interview, social philosopher Myriam Miedzian argues that boys in the United States are being raised in a culture that discourages nurturing, leading many of them to denigrate and sexually assault women. She discusses how sports influence men, how the violence that young boys watch on television and in movies affects them as they grow up, and what society and parents need to do to redefine masculinity. She maintains that young athletes who embrace the idea of winning at all costs often carry this view into their adult lives and into their relations with women. She believes that parents and educators should start pressuring schools to launch conflict resolution programs so that young people can learn that there are alternatives to violent behavior.

Lewin, David.; Schecter, Steven. "Four factors lower disability rates." Personnel Journal v. 70 (May '91) p. 99-101+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Insurance, Disability--Cost control.Workers' compensation--Cost control.

ABSTRACT: Researchers at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business examined the factors that affect workplace disability in a 1989 study sponsored in part by UNUM Life Insurance. The methods of inquiry used in the year-long study were research review, organizational case studies, and multivariate data analysis, in which data were obtained from 77 companies employing approximately 700,000 workers. As expected, the study found that such factors as industry group, occupational mix, age of the work force, and company size significantly relate to disability. However, the results also indicate that companies that have well-developed policies regarding the degree of employee involvement and participation, the extent and use of conflict resolution and grievance procedures, work force stabilization and continuity policies, and disability management are likely to experience lower rates of disability than comparable companies in their industry group.

Lewin, David.; Schecter, Steven. "Four factors lower disability rates." Personnel Journal Nov 1995, (Suppl.), p. 14-16

ABSTRACT: Four human resource policies can lower a company's disability rates. They include: the degree of employee involvement and participation, the extent and use of conflict resolution and grievance procedures, work force stabilization, and disability management exemplified by early supportive assistance.

Lewis, Anthony "Politics by smear." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 1 '93) p. A19

KEY WORDS: United States.--Dept. of Defense.United States.--Congress.--Senate.--Committee on Armed Services.Conservatism.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Halperin, Morton H.Clinton, Bill, Staff.

ABSTRACT: That MacCarthyism is alive and well is clear from the case of Morton Halperin, President Clinton's nominee for assistant secretary of defense for democracy and peacekeeping. The extreme right is using smear tactics to block Halperin's confirmation and even deny him a hearing.

Lewis, Paul. "The peacekeeper in chief needs more soldiers." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Mar. 4 '94) p. A4

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Annan, Kofi.

ABSTRACT: (March 3) Kofi Annan, the Ghanian who heads the United Nations peacekeeping department, says that the UN will not be able to mount another peacekeeping operation if the lack of government support for such efforts continues. After phenomenal growth in UN operations since 1987, the peacekeeping division has been unable to grow further because of lack of money and because many governments are reluctant to risk their soldiers' lives in the increasingly complex missions that UN is being asked to undertake.

Lewis, Paul. "At U.N., Russian stresses peril of ethnic conflict." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 29 '93) p. A11

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--General Assembly (48th session)United Nations--Russia (Republic).

ABSTRACT: In his speech yesterday to the United Nations, Russian Foreign Minister Andrei V. Kozyrev declared that the threat of ethnic violence today is "no less serious than the threat of nuclear war was yesterday" and called for expanded UN peacemaking and peacekeeping, especially in the troubled republics of the former Soviet Union. The gist of Kozyrev's address to the General Assembly contrasted with the appeals for caution and realism made by President Clinton and British Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd.

Lewis, Paul. "Talking in Geneva, rampaging in Bosnia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 8 '93) p. 3 (Sec 4)

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: International mediators continue to search for a settlement in the former Yugoslavia, but the parties to the civil war there are free to grab land while talking peace because the great powers refuse to back up demands for a settlement with a clear threat of armed intervention. The greatest test of Western peacemaking will come if the mediators succeed in their latest plan, which calls for 3 ethnic states combined in a union with no police force, centrally controlled army, or directly elected parliament.

Lewis, Paul. "Security Council votes to cut Rwanda peacekeeping force." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 22 '94) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: (April 21) Despite protests from human rights groups who fear an increase in the carnage in Rwanda, the United Nations Security Council today voted to reduce the peacekeeping force in the African nation from about 1,700 to 270. The decision reportedly came after Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali told the Council that the force should either be substantially strengthened or cut back to a symbolic size.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. chief defends role on air strikes in Bosnia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Jan. 24 '94) p. A5

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: (Jan. 23) United Nations secretary general Boutros Boutros-Ghali said today that he is willing to order the use of NATO air strikes in Bosnia if his senior aides and military commanders there asked him to do so. He indicated, however, that he would likely recommend against the use of pre-emptive air strikes and urge instead that NATO planes be used only to defend UN peacekeeping forces in Tuzla and Srebrenica.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. chief seeks an African peace force for Rwanda." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (May 3 '94) p. A3

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: (May 2) Another attempt to get Rwandan peace talks started in Tanzania is in motion, and United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali is writing to most African heads of state seeking troops for a new all-African peacekeeping operation in Rwanda. Both endeavors suffered a setback today, when the Tutsi-dominated rebel group issued a statement saying that it will not participate in peace talks until the United Nations withdraws its mediator, whom it accused of bias.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. forces shelter thousands in Rwanda." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 11 '94) p. A12

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: (April 10) The 2,500 United Nations peacekeeping forces sent to Rwanda to enforce a peace agreement now find themselves providing shelter to thousands of Rwandans fleeing ethnic cleansing and terror as the peace agreement collapses. United Nations peace mediator Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh said he had organized talks between the government and rebels seeking a cease-fire, but the talks have been unsuccessful so far.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. sets deadline of November for ending role in Mozambique." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Feb. 24 '94) p. A13

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Mozambique.United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)Mozambique--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: (Feb. 23) The United Nations Security Council has agreed to begin replacing some of the peacekeeping soldiers in war-torn Mozambique with civilian police officers. The UN also set a November deadline for ending its involvement in the African country.

Lewis, Paul. "U.S. reverses position at U.N. on sending troops to Balkans." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 1 '94) p. A2

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

ABSTRACT: (March 31) The Clinton administration today blocked the Security Council from sending the full contingent of some 10,000 new peacekeeping troops to oversee the evolving settlement in the former Yugoslavia. As an alternative, the Council authorized the deployment of some 3,500 new peacekeepers to help police various parts of the former Yugoslavia.

Lewis, Paul. "Allies at odds with U.S. on Bosnia command." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 12 '93) p. 22 (Sec 1)

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Bosnia and Hercegovina.

ABSTRACT: President Clinton's statement that he would send American peacekeeping troops to Bosnia and Herzegovina only if the operation is under NATO's, not the UN's, control has incited a dispute between Britain and France on one side and the U.S. on the other. Britain and France, which already have peacekeepers in Bosnia, want any operation to enforce a peace agreement to be under the ultimate control of the UN.

Lewis, Paul. "At U.N., Russian stresses peril of ethnic conflict." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 29 '93) p. A11

KEY WORDS: United Nations.--General Assembly (48th session)United Nations--Russia (Republic).

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Kozyrev, A. V. (Andrei Vladimirovich)

Lewis, Paul. "Bonn renews bid for Council seat." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 30 '93) p. A8

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Germany.United Nations--Japan.United Nations.--Security Council.

ABSTRACT: Backed strongly by France, Germany has renewed its effort to gain a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. Ostensibly hoping to build third-world support for its bid, Germany expressed the opinion that more developing countries should be allowed to become members as well. There are reservations, however, both in Germany and Japan, which is also known to want a seat, about becoming permanent members. Such a position would require the countries to contribute troops to UN peacekeeping operations, but in the aftermath of World War II, many Germans and Japanese are wary of sending armed forces overseas again.

Lewis, Paul. "Lord Owen warns rivals in Bosnia: mediator says relief efforts face collapse unless foes agree to make peace." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 25 '93) p. A6

KEY WORDS: European Community.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.Serbia--Nationalism.Croatia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: (Nov. 24) In a speech prepared for Thursday delivery, European Community mediator on the Balkans Lord Owen warns that without a peace accord, the United Nations may impose new sanctions and that Britain and France may withdraw their troops from the peacekeeping force in the former Yugoslavia. Owen hopes to encourage Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian leaders to begin serious peace talks again when they meet with European foreign ministers in Geneva next Monday, say United Nations and European officials.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. again imposes sanctions on Haiti after pact fails." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 14 '93) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)United Nations--Haiti.Embargo.Terrorism--Haiti.Haiti--Commerce.Haiti--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The UN Security Council voted yesterday to reimpose an oil and arms embargo on Haiti because the Haitian Army and police have violated the agreement under which deposed President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was to return to power. The council has given Haitian authorities until October 18 to reverse the campaign of violence they have waged in the capital of Port-au-Prince. This campaign forced the U.S. to pull back a troop ship carrying American and Canadian military advisers for a UN peacekeeping force.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. asking the region to help on Somalia plan." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 11 '93) p. A8

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.United Nations--Africa.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: UN secretary general Boutros Boutros-Ghali has announced that African, Arab, and Muslim leaders will soon meet with him in Ethiopia to devise a plan for Somalia. Boutros-Ghali said that a strategy will be worked out to prevent Somalia from collapsing into anarchy after the U.S. withdraws its forces from the UN peacekeeping effort in Somalia next March.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. is extending force in Croatia: Council's vote is unanimous as Yeltsin ends resistance to pressure on Serbia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 5 '93) p. A12

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)United Nations--Russia (Republic).Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: After winning backing from the United States and its allies in his battle against the Russian parliament, Russian president Boris Yeltsin abruptly dropped his opposition to a U.S.-backed UN plan to pressure Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic to end the war in Croatia. As a result, the Security Council voted unanimously to extend the mandate for the 22,000 UN peacekeeping forces deployed in the former Yugoslav republics.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. leader backs takeover of forces in Bosnia by NATO." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 20 '93) p. A10

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Bosnia and Hercegovina.

ABSTRACT: UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali says that he would welcome NATO's assuming full control of any new peacekeeping operation in Bosnia and that he would convey that message to the U.S. secretary of state on Monday. Boutros-Ghali also made it clear that the cost of any such venture must be borne by NATO.

Lewis, Paul. "U.S. plans policy on peacekeeping." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 18 '93) p. A7

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.United Nations--United States.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in foreign countries.

ABSTRACT: (Nov. 17) The Clinton administration hopes to approve new guidelines that will direct the manner in which the U.S. will take part in future United Nations peacekeeping operations, according to U.S. and allied officials. U.S. officials hope that the guidelines will improve relations between Washington and the United Nations.

Lewis, Paul. "5 key nations urge prudence in setting peacekeeping goal." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 1 '93) p. A2

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)

ABSTRACT: The 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council stated today that the demands made upon the UN exceed its capabilities and that proposed new peacekeeping operations must be reviewed with great care. The statement shows that Britain, France, China, and Russia now back the cautious approach spelled out by President Clinton during his address to the General Assembly on Monday.

Lewis, Paul. "Security Council agrees on plan to send peace force to Rwanda." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (May 14 '94) p. 1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: (May 13) The United Nations Security Council agreed tonight to send an all-African force to Rwanda to protect civilians and aid workers threatened by the ethnic violence that began there four weeks ago. It remains unclear, however, whether African countries will be willing or able to contribute the 5,500 troops and heavy equipment required.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. chief seeks an African peace force for Rwanda." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (May 3 '94) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. forces shelter thousands in Rwanda." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 11 '94) p. A12

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Rwanda.Rwanda--Civil War, 1991- .

Lewis, Paul. "U.S. reverses position at U.N. on sending troops to Balkans." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Apr. 1 '94) p. A2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

Lewis, Neil. "Aidid proposes U.N. panel." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 14 '93) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: According to former president Jimmy Carter, Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid has offered to submit to the judgment of a special United Nations investigative commission, even if it means he will have to leave Somalia. The commission would examine charges that the general is responsible for ambushing United Nations troops and committing other crimes. Carter says that he has served as a conduit for the offer, which was made last week.

Lewis, Paul. "Allies at odds with U.S. on Bosnia command." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 12 '93) p. 22 (Sec 1)

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Bosnia and Hercegovina.

Lewis, Paul. "At U.N., Bosnian presses his plea for more land." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 8 '93) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Croatia--Nationalism.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: At the United Nations, President Alija Izetbegovic of Bosnia called for more land for the Muslims, the reversal of "ethnic cleansing," and an end to the siege of Sarajevo. Izetbegovic takes his campaign to Washington on September 8, where he is expected to meet with President Clinton and Secretary of State Warren Christopher.

Lewis, Paul. "Bosnian president is to address U.N." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 4 '93) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--General Assembly (48th session)United Nations--Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and HercegovinaPolitics and government.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Croatia--Nationalism.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: President Alija Izetbegovic, the Muslim leader of the Bosnian government, will address the General Assembly of the United Nations this week. He will explain why the Muslim-led Bosnian Parliament has refused the latest version of a U.N.-sponsored peace plan and will urge the establishment of international control by the U.N. or the European Community over the additional Bosnian territory that the Muslims are seeking as a condition of giving up their hopes of living in an ethnically integrated country. The current Owen-Stoltenberg peace plan is discussed.

Lewis, Paul. "New clashes stall Bosnia talks; mediators criticize Clinton plan." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 3 '93) p. A9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

ABSTRACT: President Alija Izetbegovic, a Muslim who heads the Bosnian government, refused to negotiate at all on August 2, 3 days after the 3 sides in the fighting agreed on constitutional principles that would govern a Bosnia partitioned into 3 ethnic enclaves. Peace talks among the factions in Bosnia's civil war ground to a standstill in Geneva as fighting flared again, and the UN took issue with President Clinton's stand on air strikes.

Lewis, Paul. "Effort starts at U.N. to update Mideast resolutions." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 16 '93) p. A11

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Middle East.Middle East peace conferences, 1991- --Accord, 1993.

ABSTRACT: Egypt, Russia, and the United States plan to work with Israel to eliminate, revise, or defer numerous resolutions on Middle East affairs that the United Nations General Assembly has adopted. Diplomats said that the countries believe that the resolutions have been rendered irrelevant by the accords that Israel has signed with the Palestine Liberation Organization and Jordan. Most of the 32 provisions are critical of Israel.

Lewis, Paul. "Lord Owen warns rivals in Bosnia: mediator says relief efforts face collapse unless foes agree to make peace." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 25 '93) p. A6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: European Community.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.Serbia--Nationalism.Croatia--Nationalism.

Lewis, Paul. "Russia delaying U.N.'s vote on troops in ex-Yugoslavia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 2 '93) p. 3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Russia (Republic).United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: Russia has delayed UN Security Council action against Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic, thereby postponing the long-term renewal of the mandate for the 22,000 UN peacekeepers in the former Yugoslavia. Russia, a traditional ally of the Serbs, opposed a plan that would have encouraged Milosevic to press separatist Serbs in Croatia to reach a peace agreement with the government in Zagreb.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. asking the region to help on Somalia plan." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 11 '93) p. A8

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.United Nations--Africa.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. gives timetable for Somalia democracy." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 17 '93) p. A5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: On September 16, the chief United Nations official in Somalia presented an 18-month timetable for the creation of a democratic government in Somalia. Adm. Jonathan Howe stressed that although the capital of Mogadishu remains in a state of near anarchy, the rest of the country is starting to return to normal.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. is extending force in Croatia: Council's vote is unanimous as Yeltsin ends resistance to pressure on Serbia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 5 '93) p. A12

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1993)United Nations--Russia (Republic).Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. told by U.S. it will send troops for a Bosnian accord." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 30 '93) p. A7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Serbia--Nationalism.Croatia--Nationalism.Bosnia and Hercegovina.

ABSTRACT: Diplomats and United Nations officials say that the Clinton administration has promised the United Nations that it will provide most of the 30,000 or so new troops who would help enforce any Bosnian peace agreement that may result from the round of talks set to open in Geneva. The prospects for the current proposal, drawn up by Thorvald Stoltenberg for the United Nations and Lord Owen for the European Community, appear increasingly poor, however.

Lewis, Paul. "U.N. leader backs takeover of forces in Bosnia by NATO." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 20 '93) p. A10

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Bosnia and Hercegovina.

Lewis, Robert. "Canada's shame." Maclean's Mar 28, 1994, v107n13, p. 2

ABSTRACT: An editorial discusses the shame brought on Canada's peacekeeping forces by Elvin Kyle Brown, a soldier who tortured a 16-year-old Somali to death. This cruel incident has destroyed an unblemished record of proud Canadian peacekeeping in foreign lands.

Li Peng. "Chinese Views on a New World Order." Beijing Review Feb 17, 1992, v35n7, p. 12-14

ABSTRACT: A speech given by China's premier to the UN Security Council is discussed. China will help the UN in peace keeping efforts and will promote development in the world, but the new international order should be based on the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Lian, Bradley.; Oneal, John R. "Presidents, the use of military force, and public opinion." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1993, v37n2, p. 277-300

ABSTRACT: It is conventional wisdom that the public rallies around the president when military force is used abroad. The public's actions are called the "rally effect." The rally effect is assessed by measuring the change in the president's popularity following all major uses of force by the US from 1950 through 1984.

Lichbach, Mark Irving. "When is an arms rivalry a prisoner's dilemma?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1990, v34n1, p. 29-56

ABSTRACT: The utility functions from Richardson arms rivalry models are used to determine the equilibrium outcomes of game theory arms rivalry models. Four different game theory arms rivalry models are examined.

Lichenstein, Charles M. "We aren't the world : An exit strategy from U.N. peacekeeping." Policy Review Spring 1995, n72, p. 62-67

ABSTRACT: The Clinton administration has been a willing collaborator in UN attempts to stretch its peacekeeping role to encompass multilateral interventions that have only attenuated relations to US interests.

Lief, Louise. "On the Road with the Blue Berets." US News & World Report Aug 22, 1988, v105n8, p. 32-33

ABSTRACT: United Nations peacekeeping forces are at risk of suffering severe setbacks because of financial problems.

Lief, Louise. "On the road with the blue berets." U.S. News & World Report v. 105 (Aug. 22 '88) p. 32-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: After years of ineffectiveness, the United Nations, under Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar, is playing a key role in bringing peace to several regions of the world. Wars may be ending in Cambodia, Angola, the Western Sahara, and the Persian Gulf, and UN armed peacekeeping forces and unarmed monitors are expected to play a major role in ensuring that hostilities cease. The money needed to maintain such missions, however, is simply not there. The UN blames the United States for the shortfall, noting that America is $537 million in arrears on its UN assessments.

Lief, Louise. "Unwelcome ghost of a crisis past." U.S. News & World Report v. 111 (Sept. 23 '91) p. 48

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Iraq.Persian Gulf War, 1991--Peace and mediation.Iraq--Politics and government.United States--Foreign relations--Iraq.

ABSTRACT: Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein continues to make trouble. In a recent violation of UN Security Council resolutions, he refused to allow UN teams to use German helicopters to inspect missile sites in western Iraq. In addition, UN inspectors learned that four Scud missile transporters that were demolished under UN supervision had been rebuilt. U.S. military commanders are debating ways to boost the pressure on Iraq to comply with the cease-fire resolutions, but Defense Secretary Dick Cheney and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell are reportedly reluctant to approve a military strike. Defense officials fear that if a limited bombing raid failed, the United States would be forced to either step up the raids or allow Iraq to get away with ignoring U.S. threats. Still, allowing Hussein to escape complying with UN demands could be dangerous because it could encourage him to suppress the ongoing Kurdish rebellion as ruthlessly as he did last March.

Lief, Louise.; Kelliher, Adam. "The allies drive deeper into Iraq." U.S. News & World Report v. 110 (May 20 '91) p. 56

KEY WORDS: Kurds--Iraq.Iraq--Civil War, 1991- --Refugees.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Iraq.Dohuk (Iraq).

ABSTRACT: Saddam Hussein's authority in northern Iraq keeps slipping as U.S.-led allied forces expand the safety zone for Kurdish refugees deeper into Iraq. American troops recently established a checkpoint just two miles from the provincial capital of Dohuk, and that town's occupation seems imminent. To discourage further advances, Iraq has increased its observation posts and deployed members of its special forces in and around Dohuk. If Iraqi troops remain there, the allies' efforts to induce 200,000 Kurdish refugees to return home by June 1 could fail, and even wresting Dohuk from Iraqi control may not be enough. The Kurds are demanding autonomy backed by their own security forces and an international UN peacekeeping force; administrative control of Kirkuk, the center of northern Iraq's oil fields; and a percentage of Iraq's oil revenues. Baghdad has rejected their demands, leaving the Kurds with the option of compromise or continued fighting.

Lief, Louise. "On the road with the blue berets." U.S. News & World Report v. 105 (Aug. 22 '88) p. 32-3

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

Lief, Louise. "Unarmed against a sea of troubles." U.S. News & World Report v. 105 (Aug. 22 '88) p. 30-1

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Afghanistan.

ABSTRACT: Critics of the United Nations monitoring mission in Afghanistan claim that it is a foolish operation that violates every principle of peacekeeping. The responsibility of the United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) is only to investigate reported violations of the accords signed by the Afghan government and Pakistan in Geneva last April. Unfortunately for UNGOMAP's 50 unarmed field officers, the Afghan resistance does not recognize the Geneva accords or UNGOMAP's authority, and the United States has openly declared that it will continue to defy the accords by sending arms to the rebels until the Soviets stop aiding the Afghan army.

Lind, Michael. "Peacemaking." The New Republic v. 209 (Nov. 8 '93) p. 14+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: The term "peacemaking," which seems to have supplanted peacekeeping and warmaking in the United Nations' lexicon of diplomatic strategy, should be abandoned. While peacekeeping and warmaking had well defined guidelines, peacemaking is ambiguous; it is used by the diplomatic community to refer to a wide range of multinational operations. When crudely applied to a variety of distinct situations, it can lead to catastrophic misjudgments. If the fuzzy logic of peacemaking had been rejected in favor of more limited and traditional forms of UN activity, it is possible that the UN and the United States would have avoided some of their strategic mistakes in Bosnia and Somalia. The article discusses "peacemaking" operations in Bosnia, Somalia, Cambodia, and Haiti.

Lind, Michael. "Peacemaking." The New Republic v. 209 (Nov. 8 '93) p. 14+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

Lind, Michael. "Peacefaking." New Republic Nov 8, 1993, v209n19, p. 1417

ABSTRACT: Peacemaking is the UN's newest term for resolving conflicts, but no one seems to know what the word actually means. The UN is hardly capable of keeping the peace, much less making it.

Lind, Michael. "Twilight of the U.N." New Republic Oct 30, 1995, v231n18, p. 25-33

ABSTRACT: In the eyes of perceptive observers, the UN and the philosophy of collective security that it embodies have been finally and completely discredited. The UN should be allowed to wither away into irrelevance.

Linden, Eugene.; Smolowe, Jill. "More power to women, fewer mouths to feed." Time Sep 26, 1994, v144n13, p. 64-65

ABSTRACT: The UN conference on population has reached a concensus: gender equality is a key to curbing population growth. Changing public attitudes about family planning helped the conference to end in surprising peace and harmony. The custom of female circumcision was also discussed at the conference.

Linnik, V. "USSR presses gulf peace initiative." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Mar 20, 1991, v43n7, p. 5

ABSTRACT: The first closed UN Security Council meeting in 16 years was blamed on the US' and other Desert Storm coalition members' reluctance to discuss civilian casualties. The casualties would have come from US bombing raids.

Linnik, V. "United Nations." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Nov 29, 1989, v41n44, p. 21

ABSTRACT: A joint US-USSR resolution on peace, security and international cooperation was discussed at a UN press conference. Participants said that the document symbolized a new spirit of cooperation at the UN.

Lissowski, Grzegorz.; Tyszka, Tadeusz.; Okrasa, Wlodzimierz. "Principles of Distributive Justice : Experiments in Poland and America." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1991, v35n1, p. 98-119

ABSTRACT: John Rawls argues that under some special conditions, referred to as an "original position," people would unanimously choose as a principle of distributive justice, the principle of maximizing the welfare of the worst-off individual in the society. Research indicates that the notion of distributive justice should not be reduced to considering only the welfare of the poorest.

Litovkin, Viktor. "Georgia." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Feb 23, 1994, v46n4, p. 25-26

ABSTRACT: The status of the Russian peacekeeping forces deployed in South Ossetia is discussed. Although the area is not currently being shelled, Russia's peacekeeping forces are convinced that this will by no means be the end of the tensions.

Litovkin, Viktor. "Georgia." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jul 20, 1994, v46n25, p. 21-22

ABSTRACT: Russian paratroopers have been designated as the chief peacekeepers in the Transcaucasus and the Georgian-Abkhaz front. The peacekeeping operation is discussed.

Liu Enzhao. "An examination of UN peace-keeping operations." Beijing Review Nov 8, 1993, v36n45, p. 8-9

ABSTRACT: UN peacekeeping operations have often succeeded in dealing with regional conflicts, but there are many problems and conflicts that they are incapable of addressing.

Liu Enzhao. "An examination of UN peace-keeping operations." Beijing Review Nov 8, 1993, v36n45, p. 8-9

ABSTRACT: UN peacekeeping operations have often succeeded in dealing with regional conflicts, but there are many problems and conflicts that they are incapable of addressing.

Liu Huaxin. "German move stirs controversy." Beijing Review Jul 24, 1995, v38n30, p. 21

ABSTRACT: The German parliament has approved a decision to send troops to Bosnia as part of the UN peacekeeping forces. This is Germany's first overseas combat mission since WWII. The decision has been a controversial one both inside and outside the country.

Liu Huorong. "UN's Role in Solving Regional Conflicts Enhanced." Beijing Review Jan 27, 1992, v35n4, p. 14-15

ABSTRACT: The UN's role in solving conflicts in countries such as Yugoslavia, El Salvador and Cambodia is discussed. The UN has made great efforts in resolving these conflicts and has achieved gratifying results.

Liu Jiang. "History provides guidance for future." Beijing Review Nov 6, 1995, v38n45, p. 4

ABSTRACT: More than 150 leaders of UN member states attended a Special Commemorative Meeting held in New York City to mark the 50th anniversary of the UN. The leaders addressed how to continue to maintain world peace, further global economic development, promote human development and address international problems.

Liu Qizhong. "The UN faces reform and other challenges." Beijing Review Oct 4, 1993, v36n40, p. 8-9

ABSTRACT: The 48th General Assembly of the UN began its session on Sep 21, 1993. Peace and development will most likely dominate many of the debates as will the reform of the UN Security Council.

Lloyd, Robert B. "Mozambique : The terror of war, the tensions of peace." Current History Apr 1995, v94n591, p. 152-155

ABSTRACT: The UN, which had monitored the implementation of the peace agreement in Mozambique and was supervising the first-ever multiparty elections there in Oct 1994, had a lot at stake for the success of its operations in Mozambique. The country's fragile democracy is discussed.

Loehr, Robert C.; Wong, Eric M. "The U.N. and arms control in Iraq : A new role?" Journal of International Affairs Summer 1995, v49n1, p. 167-181

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Rolf Ekeus discusses the efforts to eliminate Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and to monitor Iraq's future activities within the framework created by the UN Security Council. International monitoring efforts could help in the pursuit of peace and prosperity in the region.

Loden, Marilyn. "Feminine leadership." Vital Speeches of the Day v. 52 (May 15 '86) p. 472-5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Women executives.Leadership.

ABSTRACT: In an address before the Baltimore Business Leader Conference at Notre Dame College in Baltimore, Maryland, the president of Loden Associates discusses feminine leadership's potential contribution to business management: American women can provide a necessary balance to male styles of management. When free to be themselves, women managers tend to show more concern for long-range goals, favor cooperation over competition, prefer teams to hierarchical work groups, deal more personally with employees, rely more on intuition in problem solving, and prefer a win-win approach to conflict resolution.

Lodge, Sally. "A United Nations golden anniversary." Publishers Weekly Oct 2, 1995, v242n40, p. 28-29

ABSTRACT: Numerous children's books are being launched to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the UN. UNICEF will receive a portion of profits from the sales of the books.

Long, Edward LeRoy Jr. "Legitimate force." Christian Century Jan 5, 1994, v111n1, p. 5-6

ABSTRACT: Traditional ways of thinking about the justified use of force don't seem to apply to current peacekeeping challenges. The need for the US to either expand the role of the military or learn to use it in conjunction with other agencies is discussed.

Longworth, Richard C. "Phantom forces, diminished dreams." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 24-28

ABSTRACT: The UN has taken to waging war in the name of peace. This is not what the framers of the UN charter had in mind, but there is little hope that any amount of reforms will change it. Control and command are the issues that are constantly questioned during missions.

Longworth, Richard C. "Phantom forces, diminished dreams." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 24-28

Lorch, Donatella. "Somali general denounces further peace talks." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 6 '93) p. A17

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.

ABSTRACT: In a radio broadcast on October 4, Somali Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid, the fugitive clan leader, said that he would no longer take part in any peace talks and urged Somalis to defend themselves against United Nations "colonialism." The city of Mogadishu in Somalia remained uneasily quiet in the aftermath of a 15-hour battle on October 3 and October 4 that left at least 12 American soldiers dead.

Lorch, Donatella. "In another part of Somalia, resentment of the U.N." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Sept. 30 '93) p. A3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Hargeisa (Somalia)--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Hargeisa, a city in northwest Somalia that declared its independence from Somalia and established its own government more than 2 years ago, recently ordered the United Nations to leave its territory. Although very poor and in desperate need of help from the UN, the fragile government charges that the UN has done nothing to rebuild the region. An overview of the area, which was once called British Somaliland, is presented.

Lorch, Donatella. "Somali still boycotting talks." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Dec. 1 '93) p. A6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: (Nov.30) Gen. Mohammad Farah Aidid continues to boycott a conference being held in Addis Ababa with the leaders of 12 Somali clans. Aidid said that he would boycott the United Nations-sponsored conference until 8 of his high-ranking aides were released.

Love, Bill. "Program curbs prison violence through conflict resolution." Corrections Today Aug 1994, v56n5, p. 144-147

ABSTRACT: Prison violence causes problems with the inmates and the staff. Efforts to curb this type of violence through conflict resolution are discussed. In many cases, this will provide a safer environment for all.

Lowi, Miriam R. "Bridging the divide : Transboundary resource disputes and the case of West Bank water." International Security Summer 1993, v18n1, p. 113-138

ABSTRACT: The linkage between "low politics" and "high politics" in conflict resolution as it relates to resource scarcity, resource dependence and the Arab-Israeli conflict--especially with the issue of water in the Jordan River basin--is discussed.

Lowndes, Jay C. "ITU group promotes satellites as aid to third world progress." Aviation Week & Space Technology v. 122 (Feb. 4 '85) p. 65+

KEY WORDS: International Telecommunication Union.Communications satellites, Developing countries'.

ABSTRACT: A report by the International Telecommunications Union suggests that communications satellites are a means to promoting Third World development. The study addresses the issue of guaranteeing satellite access to Third World nations. The allocation of orbital slots has been proposed, but the United States and other countries feel such a plan would hinder the development of new technology because some orbits might be left unused. The leasing of orbital slots could finance development. Common-user organizations like Intelsat and Arabsat will probably be the main source of satellite communications access for developing countries. In addition to domestic leasing, Intelsat is developing programs to aid in petroleum exploration, health care and education, development, peacekeeping and emergency relief. The worldwide distribution of telecommunications is tremendously imbalanced. The ITU would like every person to have access to a phone by the next century.

Loye, David. "The lonesome and the not-so-lonesome strangers: men at the U.N. Women's Conference." The Humanist v. 45 (Nov./Dec. '85) p. 27-8+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Women and men.Men--Attitudes.

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL SECTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN. The small number of men who were present among the 14,000 women at the United Nations World Conference on Women demonstrated a changing male outlook on women's efforts for equality. Many of the men seemed to fall into one of five categories: "protectors," represented by the heavily armed police; "keepers," sent by governments to control women's actions and communication; "observers," primarily press but perhaps also spies in some cases; "consorts," lovers and husbands; and "activists," who came to work against discrimination. A panel entitled "The Role of Men in Advancing the Cause of Women," addressed the view that world peace is contingent on ending male domination. Kenyan government leaders, including the nation's president, vice president, and minister of culture, provided the conference's most hopeful examples of male support for feminist objectives.

Lublin, Joann S.; Lopez, Julie Amparano. "Melding of the bold and staid promises a thunderous clash." Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition) (Oct. 14 '93) p. B1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Bell Atlantic Corp.--Acquisitions and mergers.Tele-Communications, Inc.--Acquisitions and mergers.Cable television industry--Acquisitions and mergers.Telephone companies--Acquisitions and mergers.Corporate acquisitions and mergers--Management.Corporate culture.

ABSTRACT: The merger of regional phone company Bell Atlantic, which still retains traces of its past as a regulated monopoly, and aggressive and entrepreneurial cable operator Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI) could precipitate a major clash between the vastly different corporate cultures. Management specialists suggest that Bell and TCI executives could easily clash over the speed of decision making, conflict resolution, cost cutting, and customer service, and conflicts between managerial egos are also likely.

Luke, Jennifer L.; Myers, Catherine M. "Toward peace : Using literature to aid conflict resolution." Childhood Education Winter 1994, v71n2, p. 66-69

ABSTRACT: Skills and strategies for resolving problems peacefully can be learned through well organized and frequent exposure to quality literature and activities that promote peace. Using literature in the classroom to aid conflict resolution is discussed.

Lumby, Catharine. "A Poor Record on Human Rights." World Press Review Apr 1992, v39n4, p. 35

ABSTRACT: The UN's record on human rights is examined. In the wake of the Persian Gulf war, the timed release of Western hostages in Lebanon and the Cambodian peace negotiations, high expectations of the UN have been reborn, but its inconsistencies in the field of international human rights persist.

Lysyshyn, Kathleen. "Peacekeeping at a crossroads." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 7

ABSTRACT: Papers presented at the second annual Canada-German Conference on Peacekeeping held in late May 1995 are discussed. The presentations focused on the importance of fostering a better understanding of modern peacekeeping.

Lyons, Gene M. "A new collective security : The United Nations and international peace." Washington Quarterly Spring 1994, v17n2, p. 173-199

ABSTRACT: A review of research is presented that focuses on the evolution of the UN as an instrument of international security. It distills ongoing debates about peacekeeping and peacemaking and about reform of the Security Council.

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