Faes, Géraldine."Vivre et laisser mourir. A Mogadiscio, le Kalachnikov, trop voyant, ne vaut plus grand-chose. Les prix des armes de petit calibre, en revanche, flambent," Jeune Afrique no 1671 (14-20 janvier 1993), pp. 19-24.
ibid. "Somalie: Thé à la menthe à Mogadiscio: Les mille soldats marocains qui participent à l'opération Restore Hope attendent toujours qu'on leur dise ce qu'ils ont à faire," Jeune Afrique no 1672 (21-27 janvier 1993), pp. 23-25.
ibid. "Somalie: Mission impossible: Le désarmement des factions auquel procèdent les Américains est un impératif catégorique. Mais on ne voit pas pourquoi les intéressés accepteraient de bon gré de se délester de leurs armes, qui sont leur unique moyen de subsistance," Jeune Afrique no 1673 (28 janvier au 3 février 1993), pp. 21-25.
ibid. "Somalie: Cassandre avait raison: Alors que les Marines s'apprêtent à rentrer chez eux, aucun des objectifs de l'opération Restore Hope n'a vraiment été atteint," Jeune Afrique no 1683 (8-14 avril 1993), pp. 28-29.
ibid. "Somalie: Aïdid, comme Saddam... L'intevention onusienne a été mal conçue, mal préparée, mal gérée... Rien d'étonnant à ce qu'elle dégénère en nouvelle 'guerre du Golfe'," Jeune Afrique no 1694 (24-30 juin 1993), pp. 22-23.
ibid. "FAO/OMS. Comment codifier le droit d'ingérenece? La Somalie en tête," Jeune Afrique no 1667 (17-23 decembre 1992), pp. 20.
Falk, Richard. "Intervention Revisited: Hard Choices and Tragic Dilemmas," The Nation vol 257, no 21 (20 December 1993), pp. 755-764.
[The distinguished international law professor acknowledges the attraction of humanitarian intervention but opposes all interventions in principle.]
Faram, Mark D. "Reservists Aid Restore Hope," Air Force Times 53 (25 January 1993), p. 22.
Faram, Mark D. and Gidget Fuentes. "Restore Hope," Navy Times 42 (14 December 1992), p. 14.
Farer, Tom. "From Warlord to Peacelord? Like it or Not, the West Needs to Enlist Aideed--or Face Disaster," The Washington Post (12 September 1993), p. C2.
[Prof. Farer asserts that Aideed "...is the chosen head of the Habr Gedir clan... chosen...through an informal but essentially democratic process..." In fact, Aideed came to his position the old-fashioned way, through naked scheming and the premature deaths of his competition. Farer raises interesting questions about USLO's alleged role in provoking Aideed. He spent several weeks in Somalia on U.N. contract, studying the background to the 5 June 1993 ambushes of Pakistani peacekeeping troops. His report, which found Aideed guilty of mounting the 5 June attacks, was evidently not sufficiently politically correct, and it has never been made public.]
ibid. War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: A Crisis for Detente (New York: Carnegie Endowment, 1976) 157 p.
ibid. War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: The Widening Storm, revised 2nd edition (New York: Carnegie Endowment, 1979) 183 p.
Farrow, Moira. see Joshua Hammer (1993).
Farzin, Y. Hossein, "Food aid: Positive or Negative Economic Effects in Somalia?" Journal of Developing Areas vol 25 (January 1991), pp. 261-282.
Fedarko, Kevin. "Somalia: Amid Disaster, Amazing Valor, The untold story of the American troops who turned a calamitous foray in Mogadishu into an extraordinary lesson in military courage," Time (28 February 1994), pp. 46-48.
[See Rick Atkinson articles on the same incident in the Washington Post for a more complete account.]
ibid. "Oakley's Gambit," Time (25 October 1993), p. 31.
[The reporter lauds retired Ambassador Oakley for his free-wheeling style.]
Feinstein, Lee. "Relief forces in Somalia facing country awash in small arms," Arms Control Today vol 22, no 10 (December 1992), pp. 20, 25.
Feldman, Linda. "Critics charge US policy fuels conflict in Somalia: The Somali regime, battered by insurgency and discontent within and criticism from without, may be in danger of collapse," The Christian Science Monitor (10 August 1988), pp. 3-4.
Fennell, Tom. "Finding New Grounds for Refuge," Maclean's vol 107 no 32 (8 August 1994), pp. 18-19.
[A refugee wins the right to remain in Canada as a refugee in order to avoid that her daughter be subjected to genital mutilation if they were required to return to Somalia.]
Fermann, Gunnar. Bibliography on International Peacekeeping (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1992) 291 p.
[Excellent coverage of peacekeeping in the period 1948-1990.]
Ferris, Elizabeth G., ed. The Challenge to Intervene: A new Role for the United Nations? (Uppsala: Life & Peace Institute, 1992) 148 p.
[Report of a conference with the same title, held in late May 1992. Includes 12 very useful articles by as many authors on the subject of post-cold war intervention, written, of course, before the Somalia intervention.]
Fifoot, Paul. "Functions and powers, and inventions: UN action in respect of human rights and humanitarian intervention," in Nigel S. Rodley, ed. To Loose the Bands of Wickedness: International Intervention in Defence of Human Rights (1992), pp. 133-164.
Finan, William W., Jr. "America and the World: Drift and...?" Current History vol 94 no 590 (March 1995), pp. 136-139.
[Critical of the Clinton administration because of its failure to stand up to rising isolationism. "The Republican contract is not avowedly isolationist, but the resemblance to Herbert Hoover's 1950 call for a 'Fortress America' is uncanny...The 'National Security Restoration Act'...is a static, backward-looking conception of how to preserve peace in the post-cold war era; an unrealistic and probably unworkable approach that only guarantees confusion in foreign affairs..."]
Fine, (Dr.) Jonathan. Hidden Enemies: Land Mines in Northern Somalia: A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (NC: Physicians for Human Rights, 1992) 51 p.
[An excellent coverage of one of Somalia's greatest scourges. The systematic mining of Hargeisa's ruins by Siad Barre's marauding forces will maim innocents for years to come.]
Fineman, Mark. "The oil factor in Somalia; Four American Petroleum Giants had agreements with the African Nation before its civil war began. They could reap big rewards if peace is restored," Los Angeles Times (18 January 1993).
[The reporter talks to a number of oil company sources, including CONOCO, and verifies that there were some "very good shows" before 1992. He alleges that CONOCO has a "standstill agreement" with Ali Mahdi, which seems a little unlikely given the company's close ties to Osman 'Ato and presumedly Aideed.]
Finkelstein, Lawrence S. Somaliland under Italian Administration: a Case Study in United Nations Trusteeship (New York: Woodrow Wilson Foundation, 1955) 48 p.
Finnegan, William. "Letter from Mogadishu: A World of Dust," The New Yorker vol 71 no 4 (20 March 1995), pp. 64-77.
[A mood piece written at the time of the final UN evacuation from Mogadishu in early March 1995. The author is provided a guided tour of Mogadishu and surroundings by Mohamed Aden Gulen "Anogeel," editor and publisher of Xog-Ogaal, one of the capital's better newspapers. There is also a description of dinner with "Ato."]
Finucane, Aengus. "Valerie Anne Place," (Obituary) Journal of the American Medical Association vol 270, no 5 (4 August 1993), p. 652.
[Valerie Place, a volunteer nurse with Irish Concern, was killed, at age 23, by a bandit on the road to Baidoa from Mogadishu, on 22 February 1993.]
Fisher, David. "The Ethics of Intervention," Survival vol 36, no 1 (Spring 1994), pp. 51-59.
[Examines the conditions for jus ad bellum - Just War - in the context of humanitarian intervention.]
Fisher, Luke. "Brutal allegations," Maclean's vol 107 no 10 (7 March 1994), pp. 13-14.
[Canadian soldier Elvin Kyle Brown is facing a court martial for the torture and murder of Somali teen Ahidane Abubakr Arone. Five other soldiers are also charged in the case.]
Fisher, Luke and Anthony Wilson-Smith. "On the Defence: An Unexplained Death in Somalia Continues to Stir Controversy," Maclean's (26 July 1993), pp. 16-17.
[The as-yet unexplained death of a Somali teenager while in Canadian custody in Belet Uen causes the Campbell government to shudder.]
Fitzgibbon, Louis. The Betrayal of the Somalis (London: Rex Collins, 1982) 114 p.
[An angry book on the actions of the great powers in the Horn generally and the effects on Somalia. Very pro-Somali.]
Fitzwater, Marlin. "Statement on Additional Humanitarian Aid for Somalia, August 14, 1992," Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents vol 28, issue 33 (17 August 1992), pp. 1441-1442.
Flint, Julie, "Struggling to Survive," Africa Report (January/February 1994), pp. 36-38.
[Problems in the northwest, where the new government of Mohamed Ibrahim Egal has very little in the way of resources and huge issues to resolve, including disarmament, re-education of displaced nomads, etc.]
Fontaine, André. "Un nouvel isolationnisme: Privé d'ennemi à leur taille, les Etats-Unis peuvent difficilement renoncer à gouverner le monde," Le Monde (14-15 novembre 1993), pp 1,4.
Forbes, Ian, and Mark Hoffman, eds. Political Theory, International Relations, and the Ethics of Intervention (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993) 249 p.
[Although Somalia is not cited, the book contains a rich series of articles on various aspects of international intervention.]
Forsyth, Murray, and Peter Woodward, eds. The Way to Peace in the Horn of Africa: Federalism and its Alternatives (Brookfield, VT: Dartmouth Publishing Company, forthcoming, Winter 1994) c220 p.
[Based on papers presented at the Center for Federal Studies at the University of Leicester.]
Foster, Gregory D. "Peacekeeping is Crucial to U.S. Military Future," Letter to the Editor, New York Times (13 February 1994).
[Dr. Foster is J. Carlton Ward Distinguished Professor at National Defense University. His letter refers to the "homily" of Anthony Lake that appeared a week earlier in the Times. He accuses Lake of lack of visionary strategic thinking and rationalizing American "inertia and ineptitude abroad." Lake seeks "to appease a disgruntled, parochial military establishment that is mired in the past..."]
Frachon, Alain. "A la veille de l'intervention militaire en Somalie: Une partie des bandes armées ont évacué Mogadiscio," Le Monde (8 décembre 1992), pp. 1,3.
[This report confirms an important point for an understanding of Aideed's political tactics in May 1993, after the departure of UNITAF: the need to negotiate a cease fire in the central region so that he could have access to the men and guns stored there for his subsequent confrontation with the U.N. in early June.]
Frame, Randy. "Interview: Should America Stay the Course in Somalia?" Christianity Today vol 37, no 14 (22 November 1993), p. 48.
[Interview with Robert Seiple, president of World Vision. Seiple looks upon the U.S. efforts in Somalia favorably and states that "it is unfortunate that ... our marines would be out by early next year."]
Frank, Thomas. "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance," American Journal of International Law 86 (January 1992), pp. 46-91.
Franke III, Henry G. "Somalia mission: Finishing what was started," Army Times (1 October 1993).
Freeman, Waldo D. "Operation Restore Hope-A Logistical Challenge," Field Artillery (June 1993), pp. 5-8.
[Interview with Deputy Commander, CENTCOM.]
Freeman, Waldo D.; Robert B. Lambert and Jason D. Mims. "Operation Restore Hope: A US CENTCOM Perspective," Military Review vol 73 (September 1993), pp. 24-28.
Fromkin, David. "Don't Send In the Marines: Even with the best will in he world, it's not isolationism to avoid quagmires," The New York Times Magazine (27 February 1994), pp. 36-27.
[Despite the somewhat misleading title, the author supports the point that no military operation should be undertaken without some political goals: "President Bush did not face the question of what would happen when the troops were withdrawn: would not the warlords go back to warlording and the Somalis back to starving?"...It is irresponsible of us to destroy even a wicked regime if we cannot replace it...Military intervention, even if undertaken for purely humanitarian reasons, is inescapably a political act..."]
Fuentes, Gidget. "Routine Patrols Just Part of Marine Life," Navy Times 42 (28 December 1992), p. 7.
ibid. "In Baidoa, 'Its Almost Like We Are Heros," Navy Times (28 December 1992), p. 8.
ibid. "Directing the Raid on Balidogle," Navy Times (28 December 1992), p. 10.
ibid. "Somalia Missions Must Go On, Says Oakley," Navy Times 42 (21 December 1992), p. 19.
ibid. "Seabees Take a Long Journey to Nowhere," Navy Times 42 (21 December 1992), p. 7.
Fukui, Katsuyoshi and John Markakis, eds. Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa (London: John Currey and Athens: Ohio Univ Press, 1994) 242 p.
[A rich compendium of articles on ethnic conflict issues throughout the Horn. The only article that dwells in depth on Somali ethnic issues is by co-author Markakis.]